Cerebral Blood Flow Process Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cerebral Blood Flow Process. Answer: Cerebral blood flow is the process through which blood is supplied into the brain in mammals at a given duration of time. This process needs to be regulated so that there is no too much flow of blood into the brain which will result in a condition known as hyperaemia or too low flow of blood to the brain (ischemia). This process of regulating the flow of blood is what is known as cerebral blood flow autoregulation (Brock 2016, p. 129). The brain unlike other parts of the body is very sensitive and plays a very essential role in metabolic activities of the body.Therefore cerebral autoregulation is a key process which ensures that the delicate tissues of the brain are not damaged by overflow or underflow of blood into the brain.(Cipolla 2015, p. 56) Tissues in the brain have biochemical cascade which is usually referred to as ischemic cascade which is triggered when there is low flow of blood to the brain, usually 8-10 millimetres per 100 grams per minute which is considered to be below the threshold level, this results in the tissues becoming ischemic which result in the damage or death of the brain cells(Cold 2012, p. 89). Cerebral blood flow is usually influenced by a number of factors such as the viscosity of blood, dilation of the blood vessels and the pressure at which the blood flows into the brain (cerebral perfusion pressure) this depends upon the bodys blood pressure. The blood vessels in the brain can change the way blood flows through them by changing their diameter. (Cold 2015, p. 130)They constrict the time when the ischemic pressure raises and also dilates when ischemic pressure is lowered.(Greene 2014, p. 34) The autoregulation maintains the level of blood within the appropriate levels but other factors Such as the level of carbon ( iv) oxide in the arteries, metabolic rate in the brain and posture at which the person is at the given time.(Michael 2015, p. 67)Through that, the processes are considered to be the major control of the cerebral system. Impairments of the cerebral blood flow autoregulation may occur due to conditions such as stroke and trauma and other injuries to the brain(Payne 2016, p. 567). Sarah was experiencing breathing instability which resulted to her being transferred to the portable ventilator, due to that Sarah may start experiencing periodic breathing challenges and other respiratory complications which may lead to low supply of oxygen in the brain which in turn will cause desaturation of oxygen in the brain cells, these may further lead to cause of shock and general low blood pressure which will be a direct cause of the loss of cerebral blood flow autoregulation.(Schrmann 2013, p. 789) The traumatic injuries which Sarah sustained during the rollover may also lead to a continuous variation of the cerebral blood flow, due to the internal bleeding which she was experiencing, her general body blood pressure may go down leading to her losing completely cerebral blood flow autoregulation(Thiruvettar 2o16, p. 134). The rib fractures which were noted during the secondary survey may lead to Sarah losing cerebral blood flow autoregulation due to the damages which might have occurred to the lungs. The morning x-ray of day two showed that there was damages to the internal respiratory system which may lead to complications in breathing which in turn will results in the low supply of oxygen to the brain, once there is insufficient supply of oxygen in the brain most of the metabolic activities in the body are affected leading to loss of the cerebral blood flow autoregulation(W 2013, p. 347). The brain injuries which Sarah developed may be attributed to the physical bruising which took place during the rollover: The internal bleedings which occurred and the twisting of different body parts might also have contributed to the traumatic brain injuries. The traumatic brain injuries are usually associated with loss of the cerebral autoregulation.(Greene 2014, p. 457). Under normal circumstances, the brain receives about 50 mL per 100 g/min in the injured brain such as in Sarahs case. The cerebral blood flow autoregulation may be absent which may lead to overflow or under flow of blood to the brain and due to the nature of the tissues in the brain, these may result in damage to the brain cells. Also due to the breathing complications which she developed, the supply of oxygen to the brain may be insufficient .This may lead to unregulated blood flow to the brain which puts Sarah at the risk of losing her cerebral blood flow autoregulation(Cold 2015, p. 890). There are interventions which can be put in place to compensate for the lost cerebral blood flow regulation and preserve the cerebral perfusion. Such interventions include: Implementing Computer tomography. Through computer tomography, the patient can be able to compensate for the lost cerebral blood flow autoregulation. This is achieved by monitoring of the cerebral circulation of blood and obtaining the observation and data taken. Sequentially, acquisition of the results during the analysis this method enhances production of curves according to the principle of central volume which allows one to do calculations of cerebral blood volume(Payne 2016, p. 349). Adopting the basal cerebral blood flow regulation. Under the normal circumstances, the cerebral blood flow depends on both the cerebral perfusion pressure and cerebrovascular resistance. Different physiological variables may affect the cerebral blood flow in different ways. Such variables include the level of blood gases, the cerebral autoregulation and the cerebral metabolic activities rates.in case of loss of cerebral blood flow autoregulation such variables are monitored and carefully regulated in the basal cerebral blood flow regulation(Brock 2016, p. 780). Intracerebral monitoring and microanalysis. The loss which has occurred can be compensated for where one can be monitoring the cerebral variations of the patients at different levels to ensure that there is an improvement also by keeping interracial monitoring will ensure that the cerebral perfusion is preserved. The patients who suffer from loss of cerebral blood flow autoregulation need close and careful monitoring which is achieved through the adoption of this method(Cipolla 2015, p. 234). References Brock, M 2016, Cerebral Blood Flow: Clinical and Experimental Results, 2nd edn, Springer Science Business Media, Paris. Cipolla, MJ 2015, The Cerebral Circulation, 3rd edn, Morgan Claypool Publishers, London. Cold, GE 2012, Cerebral Blood Flow in Acute Head Injury: 2nd edn, Springer Science Business Media, London. Cold, GE 2015, Rheoencephalogram Reflects Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation in Pigs, 1st edn, Defense Technical Information Center, NewYork. Greene, SA 2014, Veterinary Anesthesia and Pain Management Secrets, 3rd edn, Elsevier Health Sciences, London. Michael, K 2015, Primer on Cerebrovascular Diseases, 2nd edn, Academic Press, london. Payne, S 2016, Cerebral Autoregulation: Control of Blood Flow in the Brain, 3rd edn, Springer, Chicago. Schrmann, K 2013, Dynamic Modeling of Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation Using ARX and Windkessel Models, 1st edn, Springer Science Business Media, Berlin. Thiruvettar, M 2o16, Effect of Heat Stress on Cerebral Blood Flow Autoregulation, the University of Texas at Arlington, 2014. W, C 2013, Cerebral Blood Flow, Metabolism, and Head Trauma: The Pathotrajectory of Traumatic Brain Injury, 2nd edn, Springer Science Business Media, London.