Chomsky, propaganda Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chomsky, propaganda - Essay Example However, he observes that language development is achievable up to a certain age. Indeed, since the children are born with the ability to grasp new languages, this theory is applicable in the study of computer science. Computer science involves the use of a unique technological language. Children cum students have the ability to grasp this language at the early ages when they still posses’ ability to language development. The computer language in reference to different soft ware, hard ware, data, applications, networks, and commands is not easily under stable at later ages but is so convenient in early student life. As such, it is the in-born ability to learn new languages and the development of the universal grammar, which will aid in comprehending the computer language. In addition, the language theories are also applicable in campaign against teen drug use. Indeed, the teens possess the ability to learn and contain new things. The campaign against teen drug use is a new lan guage that children can easily learn and adapt in. Since the campaign is mostly against common beliefs, the teens will be in opposition to learn the language of abstinence from drug use at the early ages than while they mature when their language development potential is exhausted. It has always been easy to cushion children against drug use than

Security and Privacy Essay Example for Free

Security and Privacy Essay Introduction Identity theft is becoming very easy due to technological advancements. Protecting patient information must include all efforts from medical facilities, employees, and consumers. Society has the right to be protected from any misuse of personal data. An effective protective program starts with front-end preventive safeguards and ends with follow-through that reaches wherever incorrect information has flowed Identity theft has become a very popular topic for the past decade or so, the number of complaints has increased and is costing more than anyone wants to be spending on that issue. The Federal Trade commission estimates that as many as nine million Americans have their identity stolen each year, resulting in over 50 billion dollars of financial loss (Mercuri, 2006). Very common on Television to hear news and commercials warning about identity theft or some company trying to sell their services, helping in the fight to prevent it. In this paper, there will be discussions on the disadvantages of the break in privacy dealing with identity theft and on possible action plan to prevent the incident. What are your Reactions? Identity theft is a fraud that occurs when one identity is taken away and used in order to gain services or something usually of financial nature. Criminal identity theft occurs when a victim’s name, address, and mostly social security number is used by a different individual other than the actual owner. Oftentimes, the imposter would obtain that information from someone with access to a data bank where personal information is stored; it may be a hospital, social security department, company that collects data for the purpose of providing financial services. The information may be sold and used to open accounts, gain access to services fraudulently, which the actual owner, a victim of the theft will be charged for. Though many have tried to find ways to prevent and fight that kind of invasion of privacy, it  remains an issue and a very expensive one. Identity theft is the fastest growing crime in United States; it affects 13 persons per minute, 799 per hour, or 19,178 per da y (Mercuri, 2006). When it comes to personal identity theft, elaborate steps must be taken to repair identity, all creditors and banks must be contacted in order to freeze accounts and limit the damages. Any financial activities that were not approved should be reversed and investigated and any opened accounts closed. New identification cards should be provided, depending on the extent of the situation legal counseling may be necessary. Whichever way it happens, identity theft remains a burden for all not only individuals, but also for companies who carry the burden of screening employees in order to protect their customers from such occurrence. No one would welcome such calamity, not only the loss of privacy, the financial burden, but more so the trauma of not being able to prevent it completely. What are the Disadvantages of the Break in Privacy? The disadvantages of the break in privacy are for the hospital as well as the victims. Big corporations are kept accountable for all data collected from their clients and are liable for any misuse of that information no matter the use. Personal information are trusted to be used for an individual benefits in the process securing a service; it should not be sold or used without consent for others benefits. Once information has been compromised, it is the duty of the corporation which allows the break to occur to remedy the problem. Remediation can be very costly, the company is liable for the break, cause analysis is necessary to find the leak and establish preventive measures. Which involves retraining personnel and maybe adding more doing the hiring, better screening process; make every one accountable for work involvement. It is a costly process but necessary. It is a federal offense and as an HIPAA violation all perpetrators will be fined, it is a mandate. Victims of identity fra ud bear the burden of regaining their identity and find any measure to prevent future occurrence. Such fraud creates a financial burden, all major federal instutions such as social security department, internal revenue services, banks and creditors must be informed of the fraudulent act before identity can be restored. All activities under the victim name must be verified and investigated, that will require to work with the fraud departments of all banks where accounts  was opened or compromised. It can be very costly not only to restore identity, but also mostly once the damages are discovered it will take a lot of time and money to correct the wrong done. The federal trade commission must be contacted; they collect information that is shared with law enforcement agency investigating identity fraud. Consumer Credit reporting agencies must be informed and a credit reports requested to investigate whether the victim history has been compromised. The motor vehicle and passport agency must be contacted as well, in such a case all possible areas must investigated for possible damages. It takes time and resources to correct break in privacy. Medical identity theft may be very difficult to discover, an individual my not have any idea that he or she has been the victim until late and the damages result in a mounts of debts and loss of revenue for providers and insurers. One victim hired an attorney to sort out the damage to her records. She avoided the hospital where the identity thief was treated, because of the inaccuracies in her health record as a result of the medical identity theft (AHIMA, 2008). What are the Possible Actions Plans to prevent the Incident? Preventing any incident requires individuals as well as corporations to be very diligent in safeguarding personal data. It requires a team effort on the part of all parties, corporations must be willing to put in place the necessary resources in the respect, although the first line of defense rest with the individuals seeking services. Some of the preventive measures include, but not limited to: Share personal and health insurance information only with trusted providers. * Monitor the explanation of benefits received from insurers and obtaining a summary of all the benefits paid in the patient’s or guarantor’s name. * Question â€Å"free† medical services or treatments. Individuals should always question what is being offered and who is paying the cost. If not satisfied with the answers, they should decline the offer. * Protect health insurance information. Individuals should safeguard insurance cards, explanation of benefits, and health plan correspondence in th e same way they would safeguard credit cards. * Obtain and maintaining personal health records that include copies of significant health information from each healthcare provider (O’Brien, 2008). Furthermore it is very important that every hospitals or any  corporations having access to individuals personal data, to empower every consumer to be very diligent about personal data. It is necessary educate the public about the threat of identity theft. Increase awareness of the consequences and prevention measures. Institute sophisticated security monitoring measures and implement a broadly accepted, executive-supported information security charter for effective security policy and governance (American Health Management Association, [AHIMA], 2008). HIPAA rules require that a risk analysis of any system be conducted that would address administrative, technical and physical safeguards. HIPAA security rule does not focus on technology but administration (American Health Management Association, [AHIMA], AHIMA, 2008). It requires that any data collected of consumers be protected according to its security rule. Corporations must develop guidelines that protect consumers, but also that would minimize employee’s incidents of mismanagement of data. The process should start from hiring, to training and setting up steps that would raise red flags with any questionable occurrence. Conclusion Medical identity theft is becoming very complex and must involve the effort of all consumers, providers and insurers to battle and prevent occurrences. Consumer involvement is very important and necessary, they must be made aware of the threat to their privacy and educate on ways to prevent any occurrence. The public deserves to be protected from any mismanagement of personal data, it incumbents on every corporation to put in place process that safeguards all data collected. An effective protective program starts with front-end preventive safeguards and ends with follow-through that reaches wherever incorrect information has flowed (American Health Management Association, [AHIMA], 2008). References American Health Management Association, [AHIMA]. â€Å"Online, On Message, On Duty: Privacy Experts Share Their Challenges.† April 2008. Available online in the FORE Library: HIM Body of Knowledge at www.ahima.org. American Health Management Association, [AHIMA] e-HIM Work Group on Regional Health Information Organizations (RHIOs). â€Å"Using the SSN as a Patient Identifier.† Journal of AHIMA 77, no. 3 (Mar. 2006): 56A–D. Retrieved from www.ahima.org Mercuri, R. T. (2006, June). Security Watch: Scoping identity theft. Communications of the ACM, Retrieved from: www.citeseerx.ist.psu.edu O’Brien, Jenny. â€Å"Responding to Identity Theft: One Organization’s Effort to Turn a Negative Event into a Positive Result.† Journal of AHIMA 79, no. 4 (Apr. 2008): 40–41. Retrieved from www.ahima.org

Perspective :: Essays Papers

Perspective Use of perspective in art finds its root in one man, Filippo Brunelleschi. Although we don’t know for sure, it is likely that Brunelleschi also invented linear, or scientific perspective. Donatello’s â€Å"The Feast of Herod† is the earliest surviving example of scientific perspective, which is established through the use of a â€Å"vanishing point†, an imaginary single point on the page in which all the parallel lines meet. Donatello’s Feast of Herod was a groundbreaking work by that day’s standards, and a complete failure in the fulfillment of compositional requirements of traditional classical or medieval standards. The focal point of the piece, the presentation of St. John’s head to Herod, is in the far left corner, and the crowd watching is clustered into the right corner. Upon examination of the action, however, Donatello’s intention is clear; by placing the people in this way, the gesture and emotion of the scene is more implicit and effective. It is also more clearly established that the scene does not end at the focal point, it in fact continues off into every direction, an impression more clearly made with his use of scientific perspective. This â€Å"window† view into the scene was a radical step, and would influence how the picture plane was to be seen from that point on. Another important milestone in the history of perspective is Pietro Perudino’s â€Å"The Delivery of the Keys†. Painted in 1482, this work employs a grave, symmetrical structure, a tool he used to emphasize the importance of the scene being represented: The authority of St. Peter as the first pope, and all of his successors, rests on his having received the keys to the Kingdom of Heaven from Christ himself. The onlookers are all rendered with powerfully individualized faces. Equally powerful is the vast expanse of the almost surreal background. The spatial clarity, established by the use of mathematically precise perspective, is the influence of Brunelleschi. Andrea Mantegna was another 15th century painter. He was a prodigy that rendered in paint with skill from the age of 16 on. With the painting â€Å"St. James Led to His Execution† Mantegna established himself as a person who wasn’t afraid to break with traditional painting techniques, and adds a daring touch by painting from a ground up view of the scene.

Community Teaching Plan: Teaching Experience Paper Essay

The RN to BSN program at Grand Canyon University meets the requirements for clinical competencies as defined by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), using nontraditional experiences for practicing nurses. These experiences come in the form of direct and indirect care experiences in which licensed nursing students engage in learning within the context of their hospital organization, specific care discipline, and local communities. In 1,500-2,000 words, describe the teaching experience and discuss your observations. The written portion of this assignment should include: Summary of teaching plan Epidemiological rationale for topic Evaluation of teaching experience Community response to teaching Areas of strengths and areas of improvement Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment. You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment. You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.

Defining the Visual Arts Essay

Visual art defined Visual arts can be defined in many ways. The textbook answer was unobtainable for this class. Visual literacy seems to be the focus of the textbook. Online research has yielded slightly better insight: â€Å"The visual arts are art forms that create works that are primarily visual in nature, such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video,filmmaking and architecture. These definitions should not be taken too strictly as many artistic disciplines (performing arts, conceptual art, textile arts) involve aspects of the visual arts as well as arts of other types. Also included within the visual arts are the applied arts such as industrial design, graphic design, fashion design, interior design and decorative art.† [1] Basically, visual art would be any type of art that can be appreciated visually. Differentiation from other creative expression The visual arts set themselves apart from other art forms due to their very name and meaning. Literally, it refers to art work which can be appreciated visually, not audibly, or theoretically, but tangibly visible. Visual arts are very expansive and do not only include unique or fine art, but also practical things such as standard building design and practical objects like Aboriginal tools or other artifacts. In some people’s eyes, something as plain as a school bus could be considered visual art. Visual arts media types The Visual arts have many different media types with which visual artists can â€Å"paint.† Some of the types are: Dry Media & Liquid Media – Encaustic painting is one example of a type of liquid media, Drawing media, Mixed media, Printed Media, and many more. Virtually any way one can create visual art is derived from a type of Visual arts media. Meaning of visual arts values Just as society and individual people have their values, so does the artist. The values behind visual arts can be compared to understanding the meaning behind the lyrics of a song. If one does not understand the artists views and/or values, they will not understand the true value of a particular work of art. This is not true in every piece of art, however. In some cases, an artist intends for his viewers to ascertain the values of the artwork on their own. Factors of interpretation In factoring interpretation, there are different ways to interpret anything, whether it’s music, dance, or static visual art displays. If an artist wants their artwork to be interpreted in a certain way, they would have to take into account the overall public opinion on a topic. The values of a piece of artwork play a major role in how a piece is interpreted. As mentioned in the text, Westerners look at the picture of the Arabic woman with a gun, and can only think of one thing, when in reality, the photographer had other intentions for the interpretation of that photo-art. References 1. Brown, George http://www.georgebrown.ca/centers/ad/index.aspx Center for Arts and Design in Toronto, Canada†. Georgebrown.ca. 2011-02-15. Retrieved 2011-10-30. 2. Sayre, Henry M., A World of Art, Sixth Edition, Copyright 2010 by Pearson Education

Investigate the factors which affects the distance travelled by a tub propelled by an elastic band Essays

Investigate the factors which affects the distance travelled by a tub propelled by an elastic band Essays Investigate the factors which affects the distance travelled by a tub propelled by an elastic band Essay Investigate the factors which affects the distance travelled by a tub propelled by an elastic band Essay Aim: To find out how far a tub can travel by changing factors, which affect it. In this investigation the variables that affects the distances and is changed is mass that is applied on the tub while increasing the mass of the tub.Other variables include:The surface on which the tub is propelled on as some surfaces creates more friction than others. Friction is the force produced when two surfaces rub on each other. Some surfaces produce more friction and so try to prevent the two surfaces from sliding over each. This means that the force stops the tub from travelling far. The greater the friction the shorter the distance is it travels. Smoother surfaces allow the tub to travel further and since the tub is smooth the other surface also needs to be smooth as well in order to do this.The size of the elastic band, as bigger and thicker bands are more elastic than smaller and thinner ones. Because they are more elastic the band can be stretched more so that the elastic band stores more po tential energy and when the tub is released the energy is transferred from elastic band into the tub and the energy changes into kinetic energy as the tub travels forward. Bigger elastic bands can store more potential energy than small ones.The force, which is applied onto the elastic band. A greater force means a greater distance, because there is more potential energy as the energy is transferred from the hand to the band and then to the tub. The further the band is pulled back the more force is used and so the tub would travel further than when a small force is used.In this experiment the factor that is changed is the mass of the tub and the force is kept. Then the force is changed but kept constant while the mass is increased. This is related to the formula ofForce in N= mass in kg x acceleration in m/s2Preliminary work:Before doing the actual experiment we tried out different methods to propel the tub. First we used two stools and put an elastic band on one foot on each stool. The elastic band was put around the edge of the tub so that the tub was inside the band. The band was twisted by rotating the tub and then we it was released. The result was that it flew upwards and then forwards. The more it was twisted the further the tub should have gone however the tub was released from the band. Also this wasnt a good method to measure the distance the tub travelled, as we would need to do more unnecessary measurements. This meant we couldnt use this technique.We adapted the set so that instead flying upwards it would slide along the floor. The other change was to catapult rather than twisting as we could measure the distance it travelled.Equipment ListStool2 fat elastic bandsTubNewton meter10g weightsRulerScaleMethod1. A hole is made in the tub2. An elastic band is cut and then thread through the hole3. A knot in the elastic band on the inside of the tub so it cant fall out.4. A Newton metre is attached to the elastic band, which is attached to the tub. The Ne wton metre measurer the force applied onto the elastic5. Then the empty tub along with the elastic band and the Newton metre is weighed on the scale.6. The weight recorded.7. Another elastic band is cut and then each end is tied to a foot on a stool. The distance between the elastic band and the floor is 40mm.8. The tub is placed on the floor, which is a non-skid floor, which means its not slippery. This shows that there will be more friction between the floor and the tub.9. Then the tub is pulled back using the Newton meter until it reads 15 Newtons. Meanwhile another person sits on the stool to stop it from moving.10. The Newton meter is released with the tub facing upwards and the tub should travel along the floor, making sure that no one stands in front of the experiment or walk across before releasing it for safety reasons. Also the person pulling back the tub and releasing it should be the same person.11. When the tub stops the distance between the back edge and the back feet of the stool is measured using the ruler. The result is recorded.12. This is repeated 3 times to calculate an average and to make sure that the result are reliable. This helps to detect any anomalies.13. Then the weights are put in using the 10g slotted masses starting with 2 10g slotted masses.14. The slotted masses are stuck in using tape and blue tack, which would add more mass15. The tub is weighed and because the masses are placed in the centre of the tub so all the weight will be in the centre.16. This then catapulted always repeating it 3 times17. More weights are added each time using the same process until there are 8 10g masses in the tub18. Then the force is changed to 10 Newtons and increasing the mass each time until there are 8 10g masses.PredictionI predict that the tub will travel further if the elastic band is pulled further applying more force and if there less mass. This is because there is more energy in the elastic band if there is a greater force so that more e nergy is transferred into the tub. More mass means its going to travel a shorter distance because of inertia, which is the principle of more mass means a greater resistance of moving.Obtaining evidenceAnalysing and considering evidenceBoth graphs and tables show that as the mass increases so the distance decreases through the line of best fit.The tables show that if the force is increased the distance increases as well.However the results that the tub will travel further if a greater force is used while the mass is increased. The graph showing the relationship between the mass of the tub and the distance travelled using a 15 N force shows the decrease in distance when mass increases because when the mass is 62g the average distance the tub travels is 3.76m, however when the mass is 1.4g the average distance is 1.75m and the distance decreases even more when the mass is 1.46g and the tub travels 0.91m. The graph also shows a fast decrease because the gradient of the line of best fit is steep. Even though the line is a little bit curved it still shows a steady decrease. As the mass doubles the distance is reduced by a factor of about 3.The graph showing the relationship between the mass of the tub and the distance it travels using 10N also shows the decrease because when the mass is 63g the average distance is 1.39m whereas when the mass of the tub is 146g the tub travels 0.43m. It shows an even faster decrease than the other graph because its steeper. The line is straighter which means the decrease is more even. The graph also shows that when the mass doubles the distance halves. This shows the fact that mass is inversely proportional to the distance. This graph displays this better than the on where the tub used a mass of 15N.The reason for this is because of inertia, which is the effect of resisting acceleration and if an object doesnt accelerate much then it wont travel far. As mass increases so the greater inertia is so the more it resist acceleration and t herefore travelling a shorter distance. This is what happens with the tub. More masses are put in increasing the total mass of the tub and so increasing the inertia, which act on it, allowing the tube not to accelerate as much and so it will resist velocity more.The results show that tub, which had 15N, travelled a longer distance than the one that was pulled with 10N, because when the tub weighed 63g and a force of 15 N was used the distance it travelled was 3.76m, but when a force of 10N was used when the tub weighed 63g the distance was 1.39m. When the mass of the tub was 146g and the force was 15N the distance it travelled was 0.91m however when a 10N force was applied the distance was only 0.43m.This shows that force and distance are proportional, because when the force increases by a one and a fifth the distance doubles.The reason for this is that there is a greater force, which means there is more energy transferred in the tub as kinetic energy from the elastic band. Also the tub has a greater forward for with 15 N than with 10N which means that the opposite force air resistance is going to be less with the tub travelling with a force of 15N than with the tub travelling with 10N. This means that the forces are more unbalanced with the tub travelling with a force of 15N. So the tub will accelerate more and travel a longer distance than the tub with 10NThe conclusion supports the prediction made at the beginning because the results prove that when the mass is increased so distance increases.The reasons for this give a valid explanation as to why this occurs. The conclusion proved that a greater mass means a shorter distance , but a greater force means a greater distance.EvaluationThe results that were obtained were quite reliable as they showed what they were meant to show and so prove the prediction. Even though the results are not exact they are still close which also include anomalies. The graph showing the relationship between the mass of the tub and the distance using a force of 15 N shows a main anomaly, however its not completely irregular which means there was an error however it didnt affect the analysis of the results. The results were able enough to support the conclusion only to an extent because its apparent that there are some irregularities which although supported the basic facts of the conclusion but not the detailed ones, such as if mass and distance were proportional, because it was difficult to find an obvious connection between them.The procedure itself was a good way to show how the distance changes when the mass is varied and the differences between the distances made it clear that there was a decrease. It was a simple procedure with simple equipment, which gave the correct results and achieved what we aimed to do. It was a quick experiment, which meant we had time to do more variations such as putting more slotted masses and changing the force and so do more sets of results.The procedure was safe because ther e werent many hazards involved such being hurt by the tub as it travel along the floor and the equipment was safe to use. It also allowed the tub to travel far especially with the usage of the Newton meter at the back. Also the reason, which could explain the anomalies, could be that the tub had to carry more load apart from the mass itself but also the other elastic band the Newton meter, which was also heavy.Because the Newton meter was attached at the back this caused some problems as the tub would sometimes skid on the Newton meter by lying on top of it as it travels and so it would travel a shorter distance because the Newton meter is making the tub stop at the wrong time so that the reading would be wrong. Repeating it three times though still gave us accurate results as they were all were similar. However a change that could be made would be removing the Newton meter, as then the tub would carry so as many loads, which could create wrong results. Another change would be sprea ding the slotted mass evenly out as we put them in the centre which means all the weight was in the centre instead of being evenly spread along the tub. This would have given better results as position the masses in one place could affect how far the tub travels.Further work to this investigation could include using different sizes of bands and observing which size enables the tub to travel further. Also different surfaces could be used such as carpet or a surface that is very smooth such as ice if that is available, because this will create very little friction and so would be a contrast to a surface such as the one used in this experiment.

Their Were Watching God essays

Their Were Watching God essays Isnt it ironic how two different characters have a lot of similarities and differences? Janie and Claire are a great example. What makes these characters connection so special is that Janie is a main character from the novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God and Claire is one also, but from the successful television show, The Cosby Show. Claire plays a mother of five and a successful lawyer. While the author, Zora Neale Hurston, uses Janie as a middle-aged woman who had married three times and had found what true love was like. Even though these characters appear to sound different, they really have the same characteristics. Happiness is one of the many similarities that Janie and Claire can relate to. Unlike many people, wealth and rank doesnt fulfill their conditions of supreme well-being and good spirits. They showed their contentment in other ways. Janie showed hers by remarrying a man with less money and rank than Joe Starks, her old husband, who had deceased. Tea Cake, the individual that married Janie, was unwealthy and only cared about having a good time and having fun. Janie liked that about him and was attracted to that. It was so crazy digging worms by lamp light and setting out for Lake Sabelia after midnight that she felt like a child breaking rules. Thats what made Janie like it.(Chapter 6, pg.98). She didnt care about the money and her social class. Going from marrying a rich and high ranked man to a man with less money than she had proved it. Claire was the same way, but her way of expressing happiness went through her family. She loved watching her children grow up right before her eyes. She loves every minute with her husband. She enjoyed caring for her family. That was the only fun in her busy day. When it come to gender roles, Janie and Claire are not alike. Janie had been married three times. In all o...

Bering Strait - Geographic Overview

Bering Strait - Geographic Overview The Bering Land Bridge, also known as the Bering Strait, was a land bridge connecting present-day eastern Siberia and the United States state of Alaska during Earths historic ice ages. For reference, Beringia is another name used to describe the Bering Land Bridge and it was coined in the mid-20th century by Eric Hulten, a Swedish botanist, who was studying plants in Alaska and northeastern Siberia. At the time of his study, he began using the word Beringia as a geographic description of the area. Beringia was about 1,000 miles (1,600 km) north to south at its widest point and was present at different times during the Pleistocene Epochs ice ages from 2.5 million to 12,000 years before the present (BP). It is significant to the study of geography because it is believed that humans migrated from the Asian continent to North America via the Bering Land Bridge during the last glaciation about 13,000-10,000 years BP. Much of what we know about the Bering Land Bridge today aside from its physical presence comes from biogeographical data showing connections between species on the Asian and North American continents. For example, there is evidence that saber tooth cats, woolly mammoths, various ungulates, and plants were on both continents around the last ice age and there would have been little way for them to appear on both without the presence of a land bridge. In addition, modern technology has been able to use this biogeographical evidence, as well as modeling of climate, sea levels, and mapping of the sea floor between present-day Siberia and Alaska to visually depict the Bering Land Bridge. Formation and Climate During the ice ages of the Pleistocene Epoch, global sea levels fell significantly in many areas around the world as the Earths water and precipitation became frozen in large continental ice sheets and glaciers. As these ice sheets and glaciers grew, global sea levels fell and in several places across the planet different land bridges became exposed. The Bering Land Bridge between eastern Siberia and Alaska was one of these. The Bering Land Bridge is believed to have existed through numerous ice ages from earlier ones around 35,000 years ago to more recent ice ages around 22,000-7,000 years ago. Most recently, it is believed that the strait between Siberia and Alaska became dry land about 15,500 years before the present, but by 6,000 years before the present, the strait was again closed due to a warming climate and rising sea levels. During the latter period, the coastlines of eastern Siberia and Alaska developed roughly the same shapes they have today. During the time of the Bering Land Bridge, it should be noted that the area between Siberia and Alaska was not glaciated like the surrounding continents because snowfall was very light in the region. This is because the wind blowing into the area from the Pacific Ocean lost its moisture before reaching Beringia when it was forced to rise over the Alaska Range in central Alaska. However, because of its very high latitude, the region would have had a similar cold and harsh climate as is in northwestern Alaska and eastern Siberia today. Flora and Fauna Because the Bering Land Bridge was not glaciated and precipitation was light, grasslands were most common on the Bering Land Bridge itself and for hundreds of miles into the Asian and North American continents. It is believed that there were very few trees and all vegetation consisted of grasses and low-lying plants and shrubs. Today, the region surrounding what remains of Beringia in northwestern Alaska and eastern Siberia still features grasslands with very few trees. The fauna of the Bering Land Bridge consisted mainly of large and small ungulates adapted to grassland environments. In addition, fossils indicate that species such as saber-toothed cats, woolly mammoths, and other large and small mammals were present on the Bering Land Bridge as well. It is also believed that when the Bering Land Bridge began to flood with rising sea levels during the end of the last ice age, these animals moved south into what is today the main North American continent. Human Evolution One of the most important things about the Bering Land Bridge is that it enabled humans to cross the Bering Sea and enter North America during the last ice age about 12,000 years ago. It is believed that these early settlers were following migrating mammals across the Bering Land Bridge and for a time may have settled on the bridge itself. As the Bering Land Bridge began to flood once again with the end of the ice age, however, humans and the animals they were following moved south along coastal North America. To learn more about the Bering Land Bridge and its status as a national preserve park today, visit the National Park Services website. References National Park Service. (2010, February 1). Bering Land Bridge National Preserve (U.S. National Park Service. Retrieved from: https://www.nps.gov/bela/index.htm Wikipedia. (2010, March 24). Beringia - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beringia

Compare and contrast attitudes towards Native Americans Essay

Compare and contrast attitudes towards Native Americans - Essay Example Even though white American treated American Indians in hostile manner, the latter considered the former as brothers. The American Indian was always treated unfairly and was not rewarded for their efforts and they often survived liked invisible Americans. They were given small reservations and were cut off from the rest of the country. Many Americans who live out of the West have no idea that Native Americans did survive in America. Traditionally, Americans neglected Native Americans and did not give any rights or privilege to this community. Americans felt that even though Native Americans had noble qualities, in the end they are evil, treacherous and cruel. Native Americans were a minority and were treated with injustice by white Americans. Americans kept a distance from Native Americans as they were believed to be lazy, uncivilized and vengeful. Native Americans had been neglected throughout the history of America, until the media started focusing on them. It was in 1960 that two books on American Indians throw some light upon their importance and culture. In 1960s Native Americans received more attention among white Americans and this led to greater awareness of American Indians and the troubles they faced in their daily life. The American Indians utilized the publicity they had among white Indians and the Americans started caring more for their needs and desire. Americans started feeling sympathetic towards Native Americans and started realizing their rights and needs. So the media started to focus on their problems, history and explained the pain they suffered at the hands of white Americans. The plight of the Native Americans is poor because they are largely misunderstood by the White Americans. The problem is the both the parties does not attempt to understand each other. It was in late 20th century that the Americans started realizing that America is not

Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of John Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gospel of Matthew and Gospel of John - Essay Example Gospel of Matthew reveals the substance of Teaching.Here Jesus' image is of a Messiah King,Anointed One, Son of God, Kingdom of God, etc.with an emphasize on Jesus' kingly rule and divine authority. Jesus' image is drawn through His authority over nature with the means of miracles, authority over sin by forgiving, and authority over death through the resurrection. This starts with the depiction to be as descendant of King David with the miracle birth story. The historical correctness about the lineage presents Jesus more with human aspects and less with the incarnation. The most apparent is the factthat Jesus' image is consistent with the Gospels of Mark and Luke with a dependency upon history. "Matthew collected the sayings of Jesus in the Hebrew tongue." Taking liberty with the historical framework, the Gospel of John,presents a unique perspective varying not only from the Gospel of Matthew but also from theother remaining gospels. The interpretation is presented with spiritual theme rather than the historical events. With differentiation this provides with John's unique record of his first hand accounts of experiences with Jesus during His life on earth beginning with His identification as "the lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world." Just in the second chapter Jesus performs His first miracle by converting water into wine; and also He predicts His resurrection. Jesus' image is built with vivid lessons, instructions, and the priorities of life using many parables tolearn from effectively. Jesus explains the significance of having a relationship with Him with true difference in life, in addition to the importance of living life on earth and determining our eternal destiny after death. Here, He is a Jewish Messiah. John subs tantiates His purpose and the reason He was sent to earth by God. Jesus' persona clarifies the truth about God, eternity, and making a choice to accept Him as our personal Savior. He becomes flesh and makes His dwelling among us. He came to earth in human form by stooping to the human level with a vision of dying a physical death for taking away our sins. From the beginning John's Jesus was with God, and Jesus was God. Jesus is the key to membership in God's family. Matthew's ministry of Jesus is restricted only to Galilee with Jerusalem trip in the end; whereas for John that is full of traveling with diverse locations. John's Jesus issupposed to be questioned; some explanation is released upon question. Whereas Matthew' Jesus is the preacher with the conclusion without a need of clarification. Both depictions conjure up Jesus to be the God; but Matthew's Jesus reflects a journey from human to God, while John's Jesus remains God throughout. Matthew's presentation is of a human form, initially, that later on develops into the vast personification of God; Johns' presentation is of the God Himself since the onset taking birth as a human to help and save the people. The scenepresented in Gospel of Matthew exhibits a tendency of "no question" because He is the God. Jesus in Gospel of John, though being a divine power, helps people with explanation. Iftheformer is just a Teaching, then the later is a kind of Learning. If the former is a story of Reali zation, the later is a story of Incarnation. However, the illustration by Matthew is believed to be more correct due to being in accordance with the "original voice" and the historical actuality. The illustration of John is

Character analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Character analysis - Essay Example He was the 11th son of Jacob and was the favourite amongst his all sons. The entire and complete theme of Joseph’s story is given in Surah-e-Yusuf in the Quran. The character of Joseph is sketched as a young boy who is quiet, bashful, and courteous. He has the gifted quality of prophecy to interpret dreams. The story introduces Joseph’s dream about â€Å"eleven stars, the sun, and the moon which are in a position that are bowed before him†. He understands the meaning of this dream and was hesitating to inform his father about it due to his fear of being an audacious boy but soon he communicates with his father about this dream. He also interprets this dream as a message from God to Joseph to become the messenger of God and enlighten their family’s prophecy. The second part of the story was Joseph's brothers’ plot against Joseph, as they all abhorred him for being the favourite of their father. The character of Joseph’s brothers is described a s dark. They planned a conspiracy against Joseph and persuaded Jacob to grant them acceptance to take Joseph with them. Jacob granted them permission with affliction and on a condition that they had to keep an eye on him and to bring him back in absolute condition. However, Joseph’s brothers wended their plan and dropped Joseph into a well and left him there alone. Upon returning home, they came up with a lie told to their father that Joseph has been attacked by a wolf and showed to him a blood stained shirt as a proof of their calumny but their father did not believed them. While Joseph was extricated from the well by a caravan passing by and he was sold to a well off merchant named Aziz (Potiphar). Joseph’s character has been evaluated as a grown up person as a truthful, meek, innocent, and compliant person who distinguished well among virtuous and sin. He has been described as a very attractive and alluring man. While living as a slave at Potiphar’s place he was seduced by Potiphar’s wife but he constantly disdained her, as his character was pure and dignified. The Potiphar’s wife accused Joseph in front of the town for seducing her; due to this allegation, Joseph was sent to prison where another theme of story hits the line. In the prison, more shades of Joseph’s personality came into view as a preacher of God’s messages he appraised the prison-mates upon God’s belief and divinity when they came towards him asking for their dreams’ interpretation. Secondly, he has been appeared to have an adroit and intelligent personality who has the power to assure other men for his perspective of religious values and convictions. He assured them to interpret the meaning of their dreams and fulfilled his promises, which shows the trustworthy and honest shade of his character and he was testified by the two prison-men as a Muhsin. He had been a dignified and virtuous person all through which can be analyzed by the fact that he aggrandized prison life rather than being induced into sin. He possessed such spiritual powers that did not let his faith decline; instead, it enhanced and became unchallengeable with the time. A principal shade of his character as a truthful person can be evaluated when Joseph was informed by the king’s butler for interpreting the king’s dream and Joseph then acceded for interpreting the dream but he still preferred honor over sin which made it possible for him to stop conspiracy against him once he was freed from the prison by the order of the

Hospitality Operations Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Hospitality Operations - Coursework Example Banking on business development also aims at maximizing the quality of services provided to clients. The hospitality industry experiences seasonal fluctuation in client turnout. Products in the industry also tend to be based on determinants that dictate the supply and demand trends in the sector. Tourists, for instance, may visit a region during a given period or depending on climatic conditions. The sales of various products may as well be high during a given event or occasion. This is inclusive of income from a number of tourist attractions that may have peak and off-peak periods. Tourists may visit a park to observe a given behavior of wildlife, e.g., migration, which they portray during a given season. The seasonality in pricing is also prominent in the hospitality industry with variations in demand (Laws, 2005, p. 117). Unlike other industries, customers in the hospitality industry do not acquire physical ownership of the products offered. Being a service industry, customers own the experience that they achieve from the services offered. They do not, notably, own the services offered. Provision of quality service is vital to ensure customers get the best experience. This helps maintain customer loyalty and aids organizations to maintain competitiveness in the industry. Services offered in the tourism industry are nearly perishable and challenging for the time limit available during service provision. This also creates a challenge in achieving harmony between demand and supply constraints. Achieving valuable management of yields is vital in achieving the best performance in the hospitality industry. Setting up complementary services and strategies to boost income during nonpeak demand is essential, as well. Need to Ensure Conformity to Local Needs A strategy by hospitality business to expand operations may meet a number of challenges. Expansion strategies

Na Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Na - Essay Example Many children mimic the television ads and would wish that their body conformation be the same to some popular celebrities in the advertisements they encounter daily in the social media, television, and the internet (Jennifer Siebel Newsom). In order to save the coming generation from various health issues related to underweight models it is recommended that underweight modeling be banned as a way of promoting good health among young adults and celebrities. According to recent news posted in the daily mail, Israel introduced a law in 2013 to burn ultra-skinny models as a way of fighting anorexia (Reynolds). Most women have refused to believe that they can get old and have engaged in facial make up in order to look good. In addition to this, some have been forced to enter into difficult diets that end up destroying their natural looks. It is no wonder that one out of 200 American women is suffering from anorexia just for beauty (Lauren Langman and Devorah K). On the other hand, one third of adults in the US are suffering from obesity due to misleading concepts of beauty from the advertisements. My opinion is that advertisements are doing more harm than good for the women to an extent that women are forced to change their diets to suit the advertisers and the social media. Reynolds, Emma. Underweight models BANNED in Israel to fight anorexia: New law forces women in ads to stay healthy (and faked images have to be identified too). 2 January 2013. 2014

The importance delivering a good prevention for teachers at risk of Essay

The importance delivering a good prevention for teachers at risk of voice problems - Essay Example In a study, 39.6% of the teacher trainees reported of voice problems in comparison to 32.6% females belonging to the general public (Thomas et al 2006). Similar results were noted in a different study when it was seen that teachers who were studying, 17.2% reported of problems with their voices. On the other hand only 9.7% of the people belonging to other professions which did not require vocal stress reported of vocal issues (Donders et al 2006). These vocal issues can be overcome with the assistance of different forms of treatment. It has been analyzed that if treatment is not sort, it can result in aggravating the vocal problems. Vocal amplification and vocal hygiene belong to forms of treatment modalities which prove to be useful for such problems. Vocal amplification is considered to be a superior procedure as compared to the vocal amplification. This was because the teachers felt more comfortable with this procedure and felt easier to comply with it (Roy et al 2004). Vocal func tional exercises also belong to a treatment option for vocal problems. A study has proved that vocal functional exercises serve as a more superior procedure to vocal hygiene for treatment voice problems. The teachers under the treatment of these exercises report better results and also present with higher satisfaction levels with this form of treatment (Simon et al 2001).

Na Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Na - Essay Example Many children mimic the television ads and would wish that their body conformation be the same to some popular celebrities in the advertisements they encounter daily in the social media, television, and the internet (Jennifer Siebel Newsom). In order to save the coming generation from various health issues related to underweight models it is recommended that underweight modeling be banned as a way of promoting good health among young adults and celebrities. According to recent news posted in the daily mail, Israel introduced a law in 2013 to burn ultra-skinny models as a way of fighting anorexia (Reynolds). Most women have refused to believe that they can get old and have engaged in facial make up in order to look good. In addition to this, some have been forced to enter into difficult diets that end up destroying their natural looks. It is no wonder that one out of 200 American women is suffering from anorexia just for beauty (Lauren Langman and Devorah K). On the other hand, one third of adults in the US are suffering from obesity due to misleading concepts of beauty from the advertisements. My opinion is that advertisements are doing more harm than good for the women to an extent that women are forced to change their diets to suit the advertisers and the social media. Reynolds, Emma. Underweight models BANNED in Israel to fight anorexia: New law forces women in ads to stay healthy (and faked images have to be identified too). 2 January 2013. 2014

W7Q Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

W7Q - Essay Example 260). In organizational development, managers are more focused on developing unique patterns of behavior and culture that could effectively solve organizational problems within the internal and external business environment. Normally, this can be done with the use of good leadership skills. Since managers are made responsible in aligning organizational culture and behavior in accordance to the business goals and objectives, it is safe to conclude that both managerial efficiency and effectiveness can be accomplished in organizational development. It is possible for manager to be efficient but not effective in terms of achieving the business goal. In general, there is a significant relationship between organizational work environment and musculoskeletal disorders such that a poor working environment like having insufficient lighting or the presence of excessive noise pollution could also lead to stressful working condition (Gershon et al., 2007). In relation to this example, a manager may be efficient in terms of his work attendance or the ability to communicate well with employees but not able to meet the business goal of increasing the production output There are many ways in which a business organization can evaluate the transformation of– and organizational effect which could result from organizational change. Depending on the main purpose of the evaluation, managers can choose between internal and external auditing or by conducting internal survey to obtain feedback directly from employees. One of the best ways is to conduct organizational audits. Basically, the result of organizational auditing can be used as a bench mark when developing and implementing a cultural change plan (Gershon, 2010). Since managers will have a base line in measuring or evaluating the success or failure of a significant organizational

Effects of globalization on the politics of China Essay Example for Free

Effects of globalization on the politics of China Essay â€Å"Arguably globalization has served Chinas communist rulers well. † (Yahuda China’s Win-Win Globalization) On the political front too, Chinese rulers welcomed globalization rather used it as a tool for the fulfillment of their own purposes. It was suspected that globalization would throw the communist rule out of the country once globalization had set foot firmly in the cultural and economic roots. However, it proved far from it, in fact it promoted the communist rule since all the well balanced economic growth took place in their era and reinforced the existing rulers. The communist party has faced the challenges bravely and tackled them skillfully in order to prove themselves. â€Å"It has accomplished three significant generational changes of leadership from the heroic founding fathers, to the technocratic Soviet-educated engineers of the generation of Jiang Zemin and Li Peng, and now to the next technocratic generation, headed by Hu Jintao. † (Yahuda China’s Win-Win Globalization) The political front of China has been altogether revolutionized and as its foreign policy. The altered foreign policy has strengthened its international relations and has improved its position which was highly essential for supporting and continuing it’s the success of its economic strategies. Environmental issue [Please Note that this is the ethical issue chosen from a range of women rights environmental etc specified in your order] International trade, economy and politics make it essential for all the countries and regions to abide by strict rules regarding environmental protection. This has lead countries to take effective steps to improve their countries’ environmental conditions to meet the standards set by the international community. Involvement of various states has lead to â€Å"the advent of global environmental challenges that can not be solved without international cooperation, such as climate change, cross-boundary water and air pollution, over-fishing of the ocean, and the spread of invasive species. Many factories are built in developing countries where they can pollute freely. † (Globalization Wikipedia) Hence rules have been made and have to strongly implemented in countries which are possible suspects of spreading pollution. In case of China, globalization has played a vital role in developing the environmental culture. If seen closely initially globalization lead to rapid industrialization which was a major source of pollution. International community with time seemed to give more importance to the environmental issue than to the actual economic growth of a country. It argued that economic growth at the cost of spoiling the environment was not at all acceptable. â€Å"Pollution is invariably one of the first impressions visitor forms of China. From bicycles to cars in 25 years, urban China rarely sees much in the way of blue sky anymore. Rapid and large-scale industrialization only compounds the problem. † (Roach) However, China struggled hard to fight off this problem since international issues got stricter regarding the environmental issue. It is however, highly difficult for China to balance between its economy and the pollution problem it faces. Environmental problem has risen to an extent that China could serious problems if the international community places restrictions on it because of its environmental problem. It is a sorry state of affairs that globalization has lead China to develop into one of the most rapidly growing countries and at the same time it has harbored a much concerned problem for it like environmental pollution. On the cost of its economy it has damaged its own environment for good. However, China has planned a strategy of balancing its economy and the pollution problem in order to reduce the current pollution and minimize future pollution possibilities. Works Cited â€Å"Globalization† Wikipedia. 21 April 2008. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Globalism#Effects_of_globalization Khan, Azizur Rehman and Riskin, Carl. Inequality and Poverty in China in the age of Globalization. 2001. Oxford. Roach, Stephen S. â€Å"China’s Environmental Moment of Truth†. April 4 2007. The Globalist. 21 April 2008. http://www. theglobalist. com/DBWeb/storyid. aspx? StoryId=6088 Rothkop, David. â€Å"In Praise of Cultural Imperialism? Effects of Globalization on Culture† June 22, 1997. Global policy Forum. 21 April 2008. http://www. globalpolicy. org/globaliz/cultural/globcult. htm Weller, Robert P. Discovering Nature: Globalization and Environmental Culture in China and Taiwan. 2006. Cambridge University Press. Yahuda, Michael. â€Å"Chinas Win-Win Globalization†. Yale global online. 21 April 2008. http://yaleglobal. yale. edu/display. article? id=1017page=2

HEC-HMS Evaluation

HEC-HMS Evaluation HEC-HMS is a hydrological model that can be used to check the effect of a storm based event on a watershed or a continuous simulation. HEC-HMS is distributed model but it deals with a watershed as a conceptual model which consist of sub-basin and reach. HEC-HMS is very powerful as it has many options for hydrological calculations and a user-defined is one of the options. One of the uses of the HEC-HMS is to predict the future urbanization that can happen in a watershed and the corresponding flood that could happen. HEC-HMS alone cannot get the places of the flooded area but the hydrograph extracted from the HEC-HMS can be used in HEC-RAS and RAS-mapper to get the inundated map of the city due to a certain storm event. In this lab, a simple simulation will be used to simulate the hydrograph of Tifton watershed.   In order to build a HEC-HMS project, there are components should be added first. The main components that the HEC-HMS require is the basin component which contains the basin properties such as sub-basins, reaches and junctions, the metrological component which contains the rain gages that will be used for precipitation, the control component which contains the simulation time period and the time series component which contains any time series data such as the hyetograph or hydrograph. HEC-HMS has four main windows which are the component window, view window, editor window and message log window. The component window contains all the created components so that we can toggle between them. In order to edit any of the components chosen from the component window, the editor window is used and it contains tab but for global data entry or edit the component menu is used. The view window shows the selected basin, result or table. The log message shows if there is error or the model has found no problem as for example as shown in Figure 1 the log message says, Note 10008: Finish opening projectà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. Which means that the project was opened successfully with no errors found. Figure 1 Log message of HEC-HMS Basin component As mention before that the HEC-HMS is conceptualizing the watershed, so we will import the watershed image as a background as shown in Figure 2 and draw on it the corresponding component. This is a simple watershed that contains only one sub-basin and one outlet. the sub-basin is named 74006 and the outlet is junction in HEC-HMS and there is no reach used for flow channel routing. Figure 2 HEC-HMS desktop view The sub-basin properties should be entered for HEC-HMS to use in calculations. The main property is the catchment area as the HEC-HMS is using all the catchment symbolled in one point (sub-basin 74006). The other properties that should be entered are the hydrological calculations that the HEC-HMS will use to calculate the hydrograph at the outlet of the sub-basin as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 Sub-Basin hydrological calculation methods Canopy is the method used to calculate the water intercepted on the tree that avoid the water to reach the ground. The percentage of vegetation obtained from remote sensing is used to determine the canopy. In this lab, simple canopy method is used which need only the initial water storage in the tree and the maximum storage that the plant can hold. In order to indicate the surface storage that can happen in the watershed there are different methods, in this lab a simple surface is used. The simple surface method is mainly saying how much is the initial storage and the maximum storage. The maximum storage provide in this lab is zero which is useless as the surface method can be selected as none instead. To get the parameters of the initial storage and maximum storage a site investigation can be done or throughout satellite maps and DEM the surface depletions and storage area can be calculated roughly. Infiltration losses is indicated here as the loss method. The loss method that is widely used is the Horton equation but in this lab the soil moisture loss is used. The soil moisture loss method mainly works as the soil moisture content and the maximum infiltration rate of the vadous zone of the soil as well as the groundwater beneath the vadous zone depth and the percolation rate from vadous zone to the groundwater and if the groundwater is into two different soil type provide the data to each soil type. In order to get the data for this method a soil surveying is required or from a previous defined data as the FAO maps or Canada CIRUS maps. The unit hydrograph for the basin is not known so a synthetic hydrograph will be used. There are different synthetic hydrograph methods in HEC-HMS, in this lab Clark (1945) Hydrograph is used. The Clark Unit Hydrograph is divided into translation based on synthetic time area curve and time of concentration as well as a reduction of discharge as excess rainfall is stored in watershed. Clark Unit Hydrograph is modeled with linear reservoir for baseflow. The parameters for the Clark Unit Hydrograph is the time of concentration and the storage coefficient. Time of concentration can be calculated using watershed properties or from previous observations but the storage coefficient most likely will be calibrated. The linear reservoir is used for baseflow separation. Baseflow is linearly related to average storage of each time interval similar to the Clark unit Hydrograph. The linear reservoir also is used with the soil moisture content as it depends of the water in the groundwater and how it returns back to be a contributed to the hydrograph as a baseflow. The parameters of the baseflow is hard to measure so it will be most likely calibrated. Time series component In the time series component, a rainfall hyetograph is entered in the rain gages using the Tifton DSS file provided with the project. After entering the hyetograph, the graph can be shown as shown in Figure 4. The hyetograph will then be assigned to the basin in the metrological compenent. Figure 4 Tifton Hyetograph In the time series component, also the observed outflow hydrograph of the catchment is entered using the Tifton DSS file. After entering the DSS file the hydrograph is shown as in Figure 5. The hydrograph should be used for model calibration of the unknown parameters. Figure 5 Tifton observed hydrograph Meteorological component In the meteorological component, the hyetograph is assigned to the sub-basin and if there are more than one rain fall gage a weighted average can be assigned to each sub-basin. Also in the meteorological component, the evapotranspiration is entered. In this lab, monthly average is used which gives a constant value for each month and corresponding coefficient. Control component Finally, the control component is used to define the simulation period and time interval. In the lab, according to my group number which is 15 the corresponding simulation time is used which is from the first of January 1970 to the thirties of June 1970. After finishing all the data entry, a simulation manager is used to create a simulation which is defined by selecting the basin, meteorological and control data to be computed. After creating the simulation, compute is chosen and a message of successful appear in the message log -if there is any error or warning will appear in the message log too-. From the results tab, a global summary can be viewed as shown in Figure 6. The global summary gives the drainage area contributing to each sub-basin and each junction and the time to peak and the corresponding peak discharge as well as the total volume of excess rainfall. In this lab, there is only one sub-basin so the sub-basin and junction will have the same properties. The peak discharge is 873 CFS and happened in the thirty-first of March 1970 at 1:00 PM. The total excess volume is 16.36 in. Figure 6 Global Summary The graph of the sub-basin 74006 shown in Figure 7 show the hyetograph in the top part which consists of red and blue. The red part shows the infiltrated depth while the blue line shows the excess rainfall depth. The bottom part of the graph shows the hydrograph which consists of the baseflow and the excess hydrograph. The blue solid line shows the hydrograph while the dotted red line shows the baseflow. As we can see that in January all the rainfall is almost infiltrated and there is no excess and that is reflected in the hydrograph as there is no excess hydrograph only baseflow. The peak rainfall events happened at the end of March and May and as we can see that there is a lag time between the peak of the hyetograph and the hydrograph which represent the time of the water to route though the watershed to the outlet of the catchment. Even both event in March and May has the same rainfall but the peak was higher in March due to the infiltration difference. The infiltiration that happ ened in May was larger than March as the soil moisture content in March was high due to event happened just before the peak event while before May peak event it was dry for almost two months. Figure 7 Hyetograph/Hydrograph of Sub-basin 74006 The hydrograph of the junction shown in Figure 7 shows the hydrograph coming from each sub-basin the blue dashed line and the total summation of all the hydrographs at the junction the blue line and the observed data the black dotted line. The dashed blue line and the solid blue line are coinciding because there is only on sub-basin that contribute to the junction. As shown in Figure 7, the observation and the hydrograph at the junction as almost the same which means that the parameters and methods used in the HEC-HMS are representing the reality quite well. Figure 8 Hydrograph of Junction HEC-HMS can simulate storm event to get the flow hydrograph of the catchment. It is important to use the adequate method based on the data availability. The model should be calibrated using the observed data. HEC-HMS can gives how each sub-basin can contribute to the basin outflow and what changes will happen if any of the sub-basin changes. Hydrologic Engineering Center (2010). Hydrologic Modeling System HEC-HMS, Quick Start Guide, US Army Corps of Engineers, Davis, USA

History Of Columbia Broadcasting Company (CBS) :: essays research papers

The Columbia Broadcasting Company or â€Å"CBS† in layman’s terms was founded in 1927 as a radio network under the â€Å"United Independent Broadcasters† name, which was a radio-broadcasting network. The name was changed to CBS in 1928, which was the same year that William S. Paley, the son of a cigar making tycoon, took over control of CBS with his fathers financial support. Paley took over CBS for $400,000 and inherited a network that consisted of 22 affiliates and 16 employees. Although he had little technical knowledge of radio, Paley believed he could only attract advertisers if he delivered large audiences. To fulfill this goal, he decided to give CBS programming to local radio stations for free, as long as they agreed to surrender any part of their schedule to advertiser sponsored CBS network shows. In less than a decade, CBS had blossomed to 114 stations from 22 when Paley took over. Another one of Paley’s gifts was his ability to recognize talent , he quickly signed mega stars such as Bing Crosby, Kate Smith and Morton Downey. But such was the case in those days, those stars were quickly lured away by highly popular rival NBC for more money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, all was not lost for the young Paley. What he lost in stars he got back in news coverage. Don’t forget I’m still talking radio here. Paley hired Edward Klauber, a former New York Times editor and Paul White who was a former United Press reporter, they began to build a solid news division at CBS. â€Å"CBS News† really didn’t come together until Klauber hired some guy you probably never heard of by the name of Edward Murrow. Klauber assigned Murrow to London as director of the European talks. In March of 1937, before the start of the Great War, Murrow teamed with William Shirer to report on â€Å"Anschluss†. These reports formed the foundation for what would become â€Å"The CBS World News Roundup† which, during World War II Murrow assembled a great team of reporters commonly referred to as â€Å"Murrow’s Boys† who consisted of Eric Sevareid, Charles Collingwood, Howard Smith, Winston Burdett, Richard Hottelet and Larry LeSueur. Murrow would end up reporting on and airing one of the greatest accounts of his experiences and descriptions of touring the Nazi concentration camps, which we heard in class.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Meanwhile back in the states, by the time that the war had ended, television was starting to get important as the networks looked toward the future and they were eager to get all the stars and ratings they could get their hands on.

Various Sources of American Law

Various Primary Sources of American Laws Gary Craddock Everest University Online Abstract There are various sources of American Law Primary sources of law are sources that establish the law and are in enforced by the controlling authority (the government’s) of a society. They consist of case law and common law doctrines, the U. S. constitution and the constitution of various states, statutory law including laws passed by Congress State legislature and local governing bodies, regulations created by the administrative agencies.Another type of law that is an important source of law or treaties with other nations are also considered a primary source of law. The differences between mandatory authority types of law and persuasive authority types of law will be the topics. Various Primary Sources of American Laws The body of law called case law, arose from English common law tradition, because of our colonial heritage much of American law is based on making English legal system. (Mil ler & Urisko, 2011,2008,2003,2000,1995)English common law was a body of general rules that apply throughout the English realm..Courts developed the common-law rules from the principles underlying judge’s decisions in actual legal controversies. When possible they base their decision on principles suggested by earlier cases. Each interpretation became part of the law on which the subject and served as a legal precedent. Later case that involves similar legal principles or facts can be decided with reference to that precedent. Case law is one of the various primary sources of American law. Constitutional law The Federal government and the states have set for written constitution sets forth the general organization, powers, and limits of their respective governments.Laws are expressed in these constitutions are referred to as constitutional law. They cover such things as constitutional rights, Ten amendments commonly known as the Bill of Rights provide protection for individuals . Article VI of the United States Constitution states that the constitution law, and treaties of the United States are the supreme law of the land. The 10th amendment to the U. S. constitution which defines the power and limitations of the Federal government, for search all the power not granted to the Federal government to the states. Miller & Urisko, 2011,2008,2003,2000,1995) This is why constitutional law is one of the various primary sources of American law. Statutory law Another source of law which are Laws enacted by the legislative bodies at any level of government are known as Statutes. Laws created by the legislature are generally referred to as Statutory Law. The constitution provides states’ rights including the right to control commerce within state borders and exercise powers to protect public health, safety, Morales, and general welfare.Statutory law also includes local ordinances, an order, rule, or law passed by city or town as governments to govern matters no t covered by the Federal or state law is known that as an ordinance. and fifth sentences should provide support for the paragraph’s topic. (Miller & Urisko, 2011,2008,2003,2000,1995) In conclusion, that a state statute is found to conflict with a Federal statute to state law is invalid and this is why statutory law is one of the various primary sources of American law. Administrative law Another source of American law is administrative law, consisting of rules, order, and decisions of administrative agencies.The Federal, state, or local governments agencies established to go down a specific function is known as an administrative agency. Administrative agencies perform three basic functions rulemaking investigation and, enforcement, adjudication. The administrative procedure act of 1946 imposes strict procedural requirements that agencies must follow in their rulemaking and other functions this is one of the major functions of its administrative agency. Administrative agencies have both investigatory and prosecutorial powers. Administrative agencies adjudication involves a trial like hearing before an administrative law judge. Miller & Urisko, 2011,2008,2003,2000,1995) These four types of law, common-law, constitutional law, statutory law, and administrative law are the various primary sources of American law. Mandatory Authority, versus Persuasive Authority Mandatory authority is any source of law that a court must follow when deciding a case, which is also known as a binding authority which includes constitutions, statutes ,and regulations that govern the issue’s being decided, as well as the court’s decision that are controlling precedents within the jurisdiction.When no binding authority exists court will often review persuasive precedents which are precedents that have been decided in similar cases in other jurisdictions. Persuasive precedents are entitled to respect and careful consideration but the court may either follow or reject t hem. This is how Laws are decided to be a persuasive authority or Mandatory Authority; these are various primary sources of American law. References Miller, R. L. , & Urisko, M. M. (2011,2008,2003,2000,1995). Paralegal Today THE ESSENTIALS (Vol. 5). Clifton Park NY: Delmar,Cengage Learning. Retrieved November 14, 2012

Succubus Revealed Chapter 3

The crisp paper with its laser printing was a lot different from scrawling script on vellum, but I knew an official transfer letter when I saw one. I'd received dozens in the last millennia, in various forms, pointing me on to new assignments and locations. The last one had come to me while I was in London fifteen years ago. From there, I'd moved here to Seattle. And now this one was telling me it was time to move on yet again. To leave Seattle. â€Å"No,† I breathed, far too soft for Seth to hear. â€Å"No.† I knew this letter was legitimate. It wasn't a forgery. It wasn't a joke sent on Hell's stationery. What I was praying for was that this official transfer order had just been sent to me in error. The letter had no information about my next assignment because, per protocol, employees were usually briefed by their archdemons before a transfer. The letter then came afterward, to make the termination of the old job and start of the new one official. I'd seen my archdemon less than twelve hours ago. Surely, surely, if this was real, Jerome could have brought himself to at least mention it. The transfer of a succubus would be a big deal for him. He'd have to juggle both the fallout of losing me and gaining someone else. But, no. Jerome hadn't behaved as though he had a major personnel change coming. He'd said nothing to even hint about it. One would think this would have trumped his bowling league just a little. I realized I was holding my breath and forced myself to start breathing again. A mistake. Whoever had sent this had clearly made a mistake. Lifting my eyes from the paper, I focused on Seth's sleeping form. He was sprawled in his usual way, with his limbs all over the bed. Light and shadow played across his face, and I felt tears spring to my eyes as I studied those beloved features. Leaving Seattle. Leaving Seth. No, no, no. I wouldn't cry. I wouldn't cry because there was nothing to cry about. This was a mistake. It had to be because there was no way the universe could be this cruel to me. I had already gone through too much. I was happy now. Seth and I had fought our battles to be together. We'd finally achieved our dream. That couldn't be taken away from me, not now. Can't it? A nasty voice in my head pointed out the obvious. You sold your soul. You're damned. Why should the universe owe you anything? You don't deserve happiness. You should have this taken away from you. Jerome. I had to talk to Jerome. He would sort this out. I folded the letter four times and stuffed it into my purse. Grabbing my cell phone, I headed for the door and shape-shifted on a robe. I managed to slip out of the room without a sound, but my victory was short-lived. I'd hoped to be able to sneak outside, past Ian in the living room, and call Jerome in privacy. Unfortunately, I never made it that far. Both Ian and Margaret were up and awake, forcing me to stop middial. Margaret stood in the kitchen cooking something on the stove while he sat at the kitchen table. â€Å"Mom,† he was saying, â€Å"it doesn't matter what the water-to-coffee ratio is. You can't make an Americano out of drip. Especially with that Starbucks crap Seth buys.† â€Å"Actually,† I said, slipping the phone regretfully into my robe's pocket, â€Å"I bought that coffee. It's not that bad. It's a Seattle institution, you know.† Ian didn't look as though he'd hit the shower yet, but at least he was dressed. He regarded me critically. â€Å"Starbucks? They might have been okay before they became mainstream, but now they're just another corporate monstrosity that all the sheep flock to.† He swirled his coffee mug around. â€Å"Back in Chicago, I go to this really great hole-in-the-wall cafe that's run by this guy who used to be a bass player in an indie rock band you've probably never heard off. The espresso he serves is so authentic, it's mind-blowing. Of course, most people have no clue because it's not the kind of place mainstream people tend to frequent.† â€Å"So,† I said, suspecting one could make a drinking game out of how many times Ian used â€Å"mainstream† in a conversation, â€Å"I guess that means there's plenty of Starbucks here for me.† Margaret nodded briefly toward Seth's coffeemaker. â€Å"Have a cup with us.† She turned around and continued cooking. The phone was burning in my pocket. I wanted to sprint toward the door and had to force myself to behave normally in front of Seth's family. I poured myself a cup of delicious corporate coffee and tried not to act like they were keeping me from a phone call that could change the rest of my life. Soon, I told myself. I'd have answers soon. Jerome probably wasn't even up. I could delay here briefly for the sake of politeness and then get my answers. â€Å"You're up early,† I said, taking my coffee over to a corner that gave me a good view of both Mortensens. And the door. â€Å"Hardly,† said Margaret. â€Å"It's nearly eight. Ten, where we come from.† â€Å"I suppose so,† I murmured, sipping from my mug. Since signing up for Team North Pole, I hardly ever saw this side of noon anymore. Children didn't usually hit Santa up for Christmas requests so early, not even the ones at the mall I worked at. â€Å"Are you a writer too?† asked Margaret, flipping over something with a flourish. â€Å"Is that why you pull such crazy hours?† â€Å"Er, no. But I do usually work later in the day. I work, um, retail, so I'm on mall hours.† â€Å"The mall,† scoffed Ian. Margaret turned from the stove and glared at her son. â€Å"Don't act like you never go there. Half your wardrobe's from Fox Valley.† Ian actually turned pink. â€Å"That's not true!† â€Å"Didn't you get your coat at Abernathy & Finch?† she prodded. â€Å"It's Abercrombie & Fitch! And, no, of course I didn't.† Margaret's expression spoke legions. She took down two plates from the cupboard and stacked them high with pancakes. She delivered one to Ian and the other to me. I started to hand it back. â€Å"Wait. Is this your breakfast? I can't eat this.† She fixed with me with a steely gaze and then looked me up and down. It gave me a good view of the quilted teddy bears on her sweatshirt. â€Å"Oh? Are you one of those girls who doesn't eat real food? Is your usual breakfast coffee and grapefruit?† She gave a calculated pause. â€Å"Or do you not trust my cooking?† â€Å"What? No!† I hastily put my plate on the table and took a chair across from Ian. â€Å"This looks great.† â€Å"Usually I'm vegan,† said Ian, pouring syrup on the pancakes. â€Å"But I make exceptions for Mom.† I really, really should have let it go but couldn't help saying, â€Å"I didn't think ‘usually' and ‘vegan' go together. You either are or you aren't. If you're making exceptions some of the time, then I don't think you get the title. I mean, sometimes I put cream in my coffee and sometimes I don't. I don't call myself vegan on black days.† He sighed in disgust. â€Å"I'm vegan ironically.† I returned to my pancakes. Margaret was back to cooking again, presumably her own breakfast now, but still continued the conversation. â€Å"How long have you and Seth been seeing each other?† â€Å"Well . . .† I used chewing as an excuse to formulate my thoughts. â€Å"That's kind of hard to answer. We've, um, dated off and on for the last year.† Ian frowned. â€Å"Wasn't Seth engaged for part of the last year?† I was on the verge of saying, â€Å"He was engaged ironically,† when Seth himself emerged from the bedroom. I was grateful for the distraction from explaining our relationship but not pleased to see Seth up. â€Å"Hey!† I said. â€Å"Go back to bed. You need more sleep.† â€Å"Good morning to you too,† he said. He brushed a kiss against his mother's cheek and the joined us at the table. â€Å"I mean it,† I said. â€Å"This is your chance to sleep in.† â€Å"I got all the sleep I need,† he countered, stifling a yawn. â€Å"Besides, I promised to make cupcakes for the twins. Their class is having a holiday party today.† † ‘Holiday,' † muttered Margaret. â€Å"Whatever happened to Christmas?† â€Å"I can help you,† I told Seth. â€Å"Well . . . that is, after I take care of a couple of things.† â€Å"I can make them.† Margaret was already going through the cupboards, seeking ingredients. â€Å"I've been making cupcakes before any of you were born.† Seth and I exchanged glances at that. â€Å"Actually,† he said, â€Å"I can make them on my own. What would help the most, Mom, is if you could go to Kayla's school today. She's got a half day, and Andrea will need babysitting.† He nodded at me. â€Å"You work tonight, right? Come help me with the twins. I know they can use more volunteers. Elf costume optional. And you . . .† He turned to Ian and trailed off, at a loss for how Ian could actually be helpful. Ian straightened up importantly. â€Å"I'll go find an organic bakery and pick up some stuff for the kids who want to eat baked goods that are made with free-range ingredients and don't contain animal products.† â€Å"What, like free-range flour?† I asked incredulously. â€Å"Ian, they're seven,† said Seth. â€Å"What's your point?† asked Ian. â€Å"This is my way of helping out.† Seth sighed. â€Å"Fine. Go for it.† â€Å"Cool,† said Ian. He paused eloquently. â€Å"Can I borrow some money?† Margaret soon insisted that Seth have breakfast before attempting anything else, and I took advantage of his becoming the center of attention. I quickly put on casual clothes and made a polite exit, thanking her for breakfast and telling him that I would meet up with him at the twins' school for cupcake distribution. As soon as I'd cleared the condo, I began dialing the phone again. Unsurprisingly, I got Jerome's voice mail. I left him a message and made no attempt to hide my urgency . . . or irritation. That kind of attitude wasn't going to endear me to him, but I was too pissed off to care. This transfer was a big deal. If there was any chance of its legitimacy, he really should have given me a greater heads-up. Back at my place, my cats Aubrey and Godiva were happy to see me. Actually, I think they were just happy to see anyone who could feed them. They were lying in front of Roman's closed bedroom door when I walked in and immediately jumped up. They pranced over to me, snaking around my ankles and bombarding me with piteous meows until I refilled their food dishes. After that, I was old news. I toyed with the idea of waking up Roman. I really, really wanted to talk out this transfer news with someone, and Seth hadn't been an option this morning. Roman, unfortunately, shared his father's â€Å"fondness† for mornings, and I wasn't entirely sure I'd have the most productive conversation if I woke him against his will. So, instead, I took my time showering and getting ready for the day, hoping that Roman would get up on his own. No such luck. When ten rolled around, I left another voice mail message for Jerome and finally gave up on Roman. A new idea had hit me, and I went to go check it out first, setting the mental condition that if Roman wasn't up when I returned, I'd wake him then. The Cellar was a favorite bar for immortals, especially Jerome and Carter. It was an old dive of a place down in historic Pioneer Square. The bar didn't generally do a lot of business this time of day, but angels and demons were hardly the types to care about propriety. Jerome might not be answering his phone, but there was a very good chance he was out and about for a morning drink. And, as I came down the steps that led into the establishment, I did indeed feel the wash of a greater immortal signature over me. Only, it wasn't Jerome's. It wasn't even demonic. Carter was sitting alone at the bar, nursing a glass of whiskey while the bartender punched in 1970s songs on the jukebox. Carter would've sensed me too, so there was no point in trying to sneak off. I sat on a stool beside him. â€Å"Daughter of Lilith,† he said, waving the bartender back. â€Å"Didn't expect to see you out and about so early.† â€Å"I've had kind of a weird morning,† I told him. â€Å"Coffee, please.† The bartender nodded and poured me a mug from a pot that had probably been sitting there since yesterday. I grimaced, recalling the espresso shops I'd passed on the way here. Of course, Ian would probably love this stuff for its â€Å"authenticity.† â€Å"Do you have any idea where Jerome's at?† I asked, once Carter and I were in relative privacy again. â€Å"Probably in bed.† Carter's gray gaze was focused on the glass as he spoke, carefully studying the play of light off of the amber liquid. â€Å"I don't suppose you'd take me there?† I asked. Carter had teleported me once before in a crisis, but otherwise, I had no clue where my boss hung his boots. Carter gave me a small smile. â€Å"I may be immortal, but there are still some things I fear. Showing up at Jerome's this early in the morning with you in tow is one of them. What's so important? Did you come up with a name for the bowling team?† I held out the memo I'd received. Even before he looked at it closely, Carter's smile fell. I didn't doubt that the paper had some type of Hellish residue that my senses couldn't pick up. When he didn't take the note, I simply set it down in front of him to read. â€Å"A transfer, huh?† His tone was odd, almost like he wasn't surprised. â€Å"Allegedly. But I have to assume there's some kind of mistake. Jerome is supposed to meet with me first, you know? And you saw him last night. There was no indication that anything weird was going. Well. Weirder than usual.† I tapped the paper angrily. â€Å"Someone in HR messed up and sent this on accident.† â€Å"You think so?† asked Carter sadly. â€Å"Well, I certainly don't think Hell's infallible. And I don't see any reason why I would be transferred.† Carter didn't answer, and I studied him carefully. â€Å"Why? Do you know of some reason?† Carter still didn't reply right away and instead downed his drink. â€Å"I know Hell well enough to know they don't need a reason.† A strange feeling settled over me. â€Å"But you do know of one, don't you? You aren't that shocked by this.† â€Å"Hell doesn't really surprise me anymore either.† â€Å"Damn it, Carter!† I exclaimed. â€Å"You're not answering my questions. You're doing that stupid half-truth thing angels do.† â€Å"We can't lie, Georgina. But we can't always tell you everything either. There are rules in the universe that even we can't break. Can I have another?† he called to the bartender. â€Å"A double this time.† The bartender strolled over, arching an eyebrow at Carter's request. â€Å"Kind of early for that, don't you think?† â€Å"It's turning into one of those days,† said Carter. The bartender nodded sagely and liberally refilled the glass before leaving us alone again. â€Å"Carter,† I hissed. â€Å"What do you know? Is this transfer real? Do you know why I got it?† Carter pretended to be intrigued by the light sparkling on his whiskey again. But when he suddenly turned the full force of his gaze on me, I gasped. It was this thing he did sometimes, like he was peering into my soul. Only, there was more to it this time. It was as though for a brief moment, his eyes held all the sadness in the world. â€Å"I don't know if it was a mistake,† he said. â€Å"Maybe it is. Your people certainly get their wires crossed often enough. If it's legitimate . . . if it is, then no, I'm not surprised. I can think of a million reasons, some better than others, for why they would want to move you out of Seattle. None of which I can tell you,† he added sharply, seeing me start to interrogate him. â€Å"Like I said, there are rules to this game, and I have to obey them.† â€Å"It's not a game!† I exclaimed. â€Å"It's my life.† A rueful smile played over the angel's lips. â€Å"Same difference, as far as Hell's concerned.† Within me, I began to feel an echo of that terrible sadness I'd briefly seen in his eyes. â€Å"What do I do?† I asked quietly. That seemed to catch Carter off guard. I demanded answers from him all the time, clues to figuring out the many puzzles that seemed to follow me around. I was pretty sure, however, that this was the first time I'd simply asked for such open-ended life advice. â€Å"Let me guess,† I said, seeing him gape. â€Å"You can't tell me.† His expression softened. â€Å"Not in specifics, no. First, you need to find out if this was an error. If it was, then that'll make everyone's life easier.† â€Å"I need Jerome for that,† I said. â€Å"Maybe Hugh or Mei would know.† â€Å"Maybe,† said Carter, though it didn't sound like he believed it. â€Å"Eventually, Jerome will pick up his phone. Then you'll know.† â€Å"And if it is real?† I asked. â€Å"Then what?† â€Å"Then, you may have to start packing.† â€Å"That's it? That's all I can do?† Even as I said the words, I knew they were true. You couldn't refuse something like this. I'd had dozens of transfers to prove it. â€Å"Yes,† said Carter. â€Å"We both know you don't have a choice there. The question is, how are you going to let this affect your future?† I frowned, starting to get lost in angel logic. â€Å"What do you mean?† He hesitated, as though reconsidering what he was about to say. At last, he rushed forward with it, leaning close to me. â€Å"Here's what I can tell you. If this is real, then there's a reason for it, absolutely. Not some random re-org. And if there's a reason, it's because you've been doing something Hell doesn't want you to do. So, the question becomes, Georgina, are you going to keep doing whatever it is they don't want you to do?†

Female characters from Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck and from The Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy Essay

Compare the presentation of two female characters, one from Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, and one from The Withered Arm by Thomas Hardy, Pay close attention to their roles as outsiders. In these works of prose fiction, both authors write about women confronted by circumstances that make their lives very difficult. The women are, or become, outsiders of one sort or another. You will need to: show your knowledge of both texts Use quotations to support the points that you make Show a knowledge of the life and times that each author was writing in Show what you understand the term outsider to mean. I am writing an essay comparing ‘Curly`s wife’ from the novel Of Mice and Men and ‘Rhoda Brook’ from The Withered Arm. John Steinbeck was born in 1902 and lived until 1968 was an American who lived in California this is where he wrote his novels. He always had jobs on farms during his highschool-years, or, as he was very much interested in science, helped out in local laboratories. After school John went to college at Stanford University but John dropped out of school without a degree to enter journalism in New York. He then returned to California to write novel writer. Of Mice and Men was the first novel that was recognised, Of Mice and Men was first published in 1937. In 1962 John Steinbeck got the Nobel-prize for literature. Steinbeck wrote Of Mice and Men. Of Mice and Men was a story about two men who move from Ranch to Ranch earning just enough money to last them the week. John Steinbeck wrote this story from experience he also travelled from ranch to ranch so knew what it was like to not have a life and have life plane just dreams to look forward to which were just distance dreams. Steinbeck expresses his feelings on life living on a ranch through Georges character, in the book George was always repeating his story on men living on the ranch and describes them as nobodies. John Steinbeck wrote Of Men and Mice during depression and wrote about two men George and Lenny as the loneliest guys in the world which were like him not going to stay alone they are different and they will achieve there dream and this is what John Steinbeck achieved. Guy swho lived on ranches were usually very lonely but John Steinbeck was not going to be lonely and when too old be useless he wanted to overcome his dream. â€Å"Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliest guys in the world. They got no family. They don’t belong no place. They come to a ranch an’ work up a stake and then they go inta town and blow their stake, and the first thing you know they’re poundin’ their tale on some other ranch. They ait got nothing to look ahead to.† John Steinbeck then lived in California and wrote Grapes of Wrath a story about people who earned nothing and would work non stop for a slice of bread. Both Steinbecks novels are to do with money and people working so hard to become there dream like Lenny and George their dream was to have their dream house but it was out of their reach and they could not overcome it. Thomas Hardy was born in 1840 and lived until 1928. He lived in Dorset so knew a lot about the place he wrote the withered arm which was set in Dorset during 1825 although Hardy knew a lot about Dorset he set the novel before he was even born. Because the story was set so before his time he had to adapt his knowledge of Dorset to how it was in the 1820s his words had to be old fashioned and include long intense sentences to suit the play in the time it was set. Unlike John Steinbeck, Hardy wrote long sentences with old fashioned words. Thomas Hardy was educated locally and at 16 he worked for an architect. At 22 he went to London to train as architect, he then returned home, he then returned home in 1867 persue his chosen career to write novels. He had even started writing his first novel The Poor Man and the Lady, which was never published. Thomas Hardy wrote about fate and pentimizium, most of his novels were tragedies, and he appeared to grow more pessimistic in later life. He then stopped writing novels and returned to writing poetry. Thomas Hardy wrote the withered arm of which is his best known novel The withered arm DESCRIPTION OF STORY. Both the authors write about women confronted by circumstances that make their lives very difficult. The women are outsiders and are not loved and want a better life. Of Mice and Men written by john Steinbeck has a woman in, in the story her name is never spoken of she is referred to as Curlys wife as though she is his woman. She is the only woman on the ranch so is an outsider, she has no one to relate to. Curlys wife is presented in the Story Of Mice and Men as a tart or a flirt her clothing and her body language create a flirty atmosphere. Her clothing is very tarty she wears red clothing and red makeup and red was the colour usually worn by prostitutes so she is wearing these tarty clothes for attention. â€Å"Quote Curlys wife description† She wants to be looked at, her husband Curly is not giving her the attention she needs and she is feeling lonely and apart from the world, on her own and wants a friend or to be loved. Her husband Curly also lives on the Ranch and treats his wife as an outsider, curly doesn’t love his wife he just treats her as a sex object. The withered arm written by Thomas Hardy also has a woman in Rhoda Brook is made to feel as an outsider. Rhoda isn’t married and doesn’t have a partner, in those days to be a single mum was very unlikely so the people in her town thought she was a witch so she didn’t have many friends. Rhoda lives with her twelve year old son in father lodges cottage, Rhoda is very in love with Farmer Lodge but he has a very beautiful wife which Rhoda is extremly jealous of. â€Å"The thin woman who had not spoken was joined by a boy of twelve or thereabout.† Rhoda Brook is not very attractive she is pale, tall and thin. Unlike Curlys wife she isn’t beautiful so cannot use her beauty to attract men and get peoples attention. Rhoda is very jealous of beautiful woman so unlike Curlys wife, Rhoda is around other woman so isnt an outsider in that prospective she is an outsider because of men, she is neglected by men and is unlucky in love. Rhodas loneliness and emotional feelings only aid to the boys like Curlys wife she wants to be loved and cared about. Rhoda works on a farm as a ‘milking woman’. Curlys wife doesn’t work she is just a housewife for Curly. Curlys wife was very much like George and Lennie they all had a dream but none of them came true. Curlys wife’s dream was to be a movie star but she could not live her dream because she met Curly, they fell in love and he took her away from the natural world and placed her in a lonely neglected environment on the ranch. On the Ranch she is never spoken to because the men on the ranch don’t want curly thinking there is something going on with her wife and another man because he would kick them off the ranch. Curly and Rhoda are very different in appearance but very similar in personality and would be feeling very alike. Rhoda is very modest and lifeless unlike Curlys wife who seems to be very outgoing and flirtatious.