Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood

Physical Development and Health in Middle Childhood Rosibel CastroPhysical Development in Middle Childhood The hidden changes in children's bodies that enable the movements so familiar to us-riding bikes, climbing, jumping, skipping (p.289). Between the ages of 6 and 12, children grow 2 to 3 inches and add about 6 pounds each year. Girls age range are head of boys. Girls also have more body fat and less muscle tissue than boys (p.290). Bones mature in such a regular and predictable way that physicians use bone age as the best single measure of a child's physical maturation. The process of bone development gives us a powerful argument in favor of increased exercise or physical activity for children. The endocrine system strongly influences physical growth and development. During the middle school years, the glands of the endocrine system change gradually in ways to prepare the body for the momentous changes that will occur during sexual maturation, or puberty. A muscle mass increases in middle childhood, so does strength. Boys and girls differ in strength in two ways:Boys outperform girls on measures of strength, including tasks that involve using the muscles to apply pressure to a device used to measure muscle force.The ratio of strength to body size is greater amongst boys, thus boys require less effort to move their bodies through space than girls do. Both boys and girls become stronger during middle childhood.Children's capacity for extended physical activity (stamina) rises steeply across the middle childhood years as well. (Gabbard,2008). If we observe children at the playgrounds, we will notice that preschoolers display short bursts of physical activity followed by periods of rest. Changes in stamina are linked to growth of the heart and lungs, which is evident during later years of middle childhood. These changes enable children bodies to take in more oxygen and to distribute it throughout the body more efficiently. Two major growth spurts happen in the brain during middle childhood. (Spreen, Risser, ; Edgell, 1995). In most healthy children, the first takes place between the ages 6 and 8, the second between the ages 10 and 12. Both spurts involve development of new synapses as well as increase in the thickness of the cortex. Some of the first motor skills infants use are eye movements, and slowly this expands to movement of the arms, legs, and hands (even though they're uncoordinated). Eventually, the child begins crawling and walking. Gross motor skills involve activities like rolling over, sitting up, crawling, and walking. These allow the child to gain new perspectives from which to evaluate their surrounding environment, enabling them to begin learning social skills and rules. Fine motor skills involve more intricate tasks like touching, grabbing, and manipulating objects, enabling learning about the details of different objects and people. Advances in both gross and fine motor skills interact to allow children to develop sports skills such as hitting a baseball. About one-quarter to one-third of children in the united states suffer from allergies, immune reactions to substances called allergens. Children who have respiratory allergies experience sneezing, stuffy noses, and more frequent sinus infections. Food allergies can affect the respiratory system as well. The most frequent cause of school absences is asthma. Asthma is a chronic lung disease in which individuals experience sudden, potentially fatal attacks of breathing difficulty. An acute illness has the following characteristics:Onset is usually abrupt and from a single causeDevelops quickly and worsens rapidly, such as an infection, trauma or injuryUsually isolated to one bodily areaCan be diagnosed and responds to treatmentAcute pain stops when the illness is healedMay heal by itself or can be treated and returned to normal within a few days or up to three monthsIf it lasts longer than three months, it may be the start of a chronic illnessThe following are generally descriptive of chronic illnesses:Onset is commonly gradualDuration is lengthy and indefiniteCause is usually multiple and can be a combination of genetic and environmental factorsDiagnosis is often uncertain; getting an accurate diagnosis can be a long, difficult processThere is no cure and requires management over time In my opinion, we do most of the learning about our bodies during middle childhood, the reason I say this is because, we learn about ourselves, the environment around us, this i s the time when we are truly exposed to everything out there. Children are aware that they have allergies, they know they need their asthma pumps if they start having trouble breathing. During this time children know what kind of sports they want to play and they know what limits to push their bodies too. If a child is obese he will not want to join any sports not only because he might be â€Å"fat shamed† but also because he knows his body is not prepare to be put into the sports routine.ReferencesThe Growing Child, Denise Boyd, Helen Bee 2009.https://study.com/academy/lesson/perceptual-motor-development-definition-components.html https://www.navicenthealth.org/service-center/health-associates-general/acute-and-chronic-illnesses

My Heroes Essay

â€Å"My Heroes† was written by Elizabeth Berg, who has published many popular books since 1993. In the article, Berg told us that real heroes were ordinary people around us. Because Berg’s daughter chose her friend as a hero who saved her from drowning in a creek, Berg realized a hero wouldn’t have to be a famous person. When Mrs. Zinz, an eighth-grade English teacher, was harassed by Berg and her friend, she wasn’t angry. Mrs. Zinz didn’t lower herself and become mean. Another hero in Berg’s mind was her grandfather who was kind, warm and friendly. He liked to make his grandchild laugh. Sylvia, Berg’s mother-in-law, could enjoy her retirement life but instead, she went back to school to get a college diploma. Berg admired her because of her love of learning. Moreover, there were the people that Berg admired because of their jobs, such as mail carriers, nurses, stay-at-home mothers, and working mothers. Many people are around us every day, but you may not realize that they are heroes. However, Berg believes that if you look at them in a different way, you would know that they are heroes. After I read Berg’s essay, I think she was right. Heroes are not only the greatest people in history but also the ordinary people in our lives. They teach us small lessons and touch us in a quiet way. My heroes are people who inspire confidence in me since I was a child, who are brave enough to fight for things which are unfair and unconscionable, and who help and protect the weak groups in our community. My mother is one of my heroes, who always tells me I must be a self-confident person. Worrying about unknown things, fearing failures, and having a negative attitude were part of my character when I was a child. One day, my mother took me to the ice-skating center. She wanted me to build up my confidence during the process of learning ice-skating. When we were ready to skate, she said, â€Å"I won’t hold your hand. You should learn it by yourself. † At that moment, I thought my mother was a devil. I buttressed the handrail and moved slowly. I looked like a baby who was learning to walk. After I got used to it, I took off my hand from the handrail. Within a minute, I slid on the ice, lost my balance, and fell down. I asked for help by informing my mother with eye contact. â€Å"Get up! I know you can do it,† she encouraged me with supportive words. Finally, I got up but fell down again a few minutes later. I cried and yelled madly, â€Å"I don’t want to skate anymore. It’s so painful. I want to leave! † â€Å"Don’t give up, my sweetheart. Take out your confidence. After you learn it by yourself, you will realize all the pain that you overcome is worth it. † My mother said it tenderly. I saw a devil that became an angel. These words have been engraved in my heart deeply. I should not have doubted and looked down on my ability. After countless failures, I could fly on the ice. The happiness of success was the best feeling that I have ever had. My mother let me understand learning from failure was a way to build up confidence. My aunt, Jodie Li, who is a normal housewife in China, is also a hero of mine. I admire her because she is brave enough to fight for any unfair and unconscionable acts. When Jodie was on the bus, she saw a man who was taking advantage of a teenage girl who was too afraid to yell. Jodie stopped and grabbed the pervert, pulled the girls to hide behind her, and called the police. She did not think too much. At that time, she just wanted the pervert to get caught. If I were her, I wouldn’t have had enough courage to rescue the girl. In addition, Jodie fought with a company because they charged her extra money on her bill. The company didn’t notify Jodie that they had charged her many unknown fees. Jodie was furious. She kept investigating the reason. Finally, the company made a compromise and apologized to her. Besides that, Jodie found out that someone cheated while she was taking the paper driving test. She thought it was really unfair because she studied hard on the test. She told the examiner immediately. Sometimes, we would overlook something since it’s not related to us. However, Jodie couldn’t pretend that didn’t happen. Her attitude affected me. I cannot stay quiet when some unfair and unconscionable things happen to me. I have to fight for myself. Beyond that, there are people who are my heroes because they help and protect the weak groups in our community. Social workers work with people who are homeless, sick or have family problems and try their best to help people overcome problems and make people lives better. Police officers who have responsibility of protecting the residents risk their lives to arrest criminals. Ambulance staff who stand-by, rushes to the scene of the ccident, and rescues many people. Volunteers with animals who defend the animals selflessly look after the stray dogs or cats as pets. Heroes are everywhere. It depends on how you look at them. Have you ever thought about who were your heroes around you? Berg figured out her heroes, and so did I. My heroes are people who give confidence to me since I was a child, who are courageous enough to fight against unfair and unconscionable actions, and who help and shield the weak groups in our community. These people inspired me in a different way, in a different city, and in a different moment.

Case Study: Translating Talent in Three Businesses Essay

1. How does Sol y Canto define its business? Identify the offer, the target market, and the product and delivery capability. Sol y Canto define its business by creating â€Å"music and performances that move, delight, excite and connect—connect that audience to the richness of Latin American culture; connect individuals, Hispanic and non-Hispanic, to each other through shared experience of music, poetry, humor and a joyful, playful vibe; and connect us all to our hopes and visions of a better world.† They have a wide target market ranging from preschoolers to senior adults in a wide variety of settings. Depending on the number of performers, the events can last anywhere between 45 minutes to two hours. They perform primarily in the US and Puerto Rico at concert halls/venues, school settings, and senior centers as part of their nonprofit’s mission to serve the community. Sol y Canto was founded as a result of an experience. In 1984 my husband and I met through a three-week cultural exchange tour to Nicaragua. We created our first band, Flor de Cana, out of that life changing event, committed to signing about the reality in Central America and opening the eyes of the North American people as to the role of our government in Nicaragua’s war in the mid-1980s. â€Å"Sol y Canto’s mission is to create music and performances that move, delight, excite and connect that audience to the richness of Latin American culture; connect individuals, Hispanic and non-Hispanic, to each other through shared experience of music, poetry, humor and a joyful, playful vibe; and connect us all to our hopes and visions of a better world.† Their target market has a wide range from young children to senior adults in a variety of setting. Their events can go for 45 minutes to two hours  depending on the number of performers. They usually perform in the US and Puerto Rico concerts. Schools, senior care centers for their nonprofit. 2. Describe the culture of the Amadors’ business. Amadors’ culture is very simple. They are a small company of six that communicates regularly. They are all extremely close and have developed a strong sense of respect, consideration and open communication with one another. They hold weekly staff meetings to ensure that all issues are resolved quickly. 3. Which methods of deciding upon business opportunities did Rosi and brian Amador pursue? Rosi and Brian saw opportunity in their voice over business, so they began focusing on pursuing voice over work out of their home. They used their twin daughters to help with the voice-overs, as well as kept costs low by staying at home. This led them to succeed. 4. What competitive advantages does Amador Bilingual Voice-Overs have in the voice-over field? List them and indicate whether each is based upon quality, price, location, selection, service, or speed/turnaround—or a combination of these. Amador Bilingual Voice-Overs have a competitive advantage because their pricing is competitive, their onsite facilities eliminate the cost of†¦

BUSINESS CAPSTONE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BUSINESS CAPSTONE - Essay Example The issues that companies mostly deal with are unionization, implementation of change, threat of new entrants, issues pertaining to law and sometime faces intimidations due to turbulent business and political environment. In this study, the issues faced by CSC Australia will be uncovered. CSC is an Australian company involved in providing technology enabled business solutions and services to the clients (CSC). The company caters to both the private as well as the government clients. The company supplies desktop computers to the client sites. The supplies are made at the local corporate head offices of the client (Background 2012). However, the company is now working with an oil and Gas corporation, whose onsite delivery refers to delivering of desktops to the offshore locations. Delivering desktops to abroad locations creates huge environmental risk and if anything goes wrong during the delivery process, CSC Australia will be liable and may need to compensate the client. Moreover, th e client is also asking for unlimited liability rather initial capping on contract. In this context, according to the vice president of CSC Australia, Michael Horton, CSC Australia is facing issues related to liability capping. Liability capping is generally carried out or negotiated prior initiating the contract, but allows renegotiations (Issue 2012). Therefore it can be stated that the company is presently dealing with issues pertaining to law suits. Causes The primary reason behind the arising legal issues is mainly related with the liability capping. CSC Australia fears that, if unlimited liability is accepted, it may cause serious damages to the company’s financial position. Apart from that, acceptance of unlimited liability may create more burden on CSC as their client may ask to compensate the entire worth of their company. For example, if anything worst happens and if the client is a large company, the compensation claimed by them can be far more than the actual wort h and can ruin the financial stability of CSC Australia. Hence it can be stated that unlimited liability may pose huge threat to the company. Nevertheless, for the company to successfully close the deal and ensure lowest possible liability capping, negotiation with the client needs to be properly carried out (Cause 2012) The first section of the study has identified the issue faced by CSC Australia and its causes. Now in the next half of the project, the solution or how the issue can be addressed by the company will be suggested. In this process several alternatives will be developed and the best alternative will be chosen for implementation. PART 2 Decision Criteria In order to deal with the legal issue, CSC Australia needs to make proper decision. Although to get rid of the concern, the company will have a number of alternatives, but to deal with the issues effectively, the company needs to choose the best alternative. A decision criterion refers to the factors, based on which the alternative cours

Religious Freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religious Freedom - Essay Example Therefore, he firmly establishes the freedoms- freedom of speech, freedom of action, freedom of though and freedom of religion. Personally I believe that there shall be freedom of religion as long as there is peace and social order. Every individual is responsible for their own actions and they shall be held responsible or penalized only if their action has caused disturbance or harm to another being. As long as a person is living a righteous life without causing any trouble to his or her fellow beings, then there seems no valid reason to punish him or her on the basis of their religious belief. It is not true that only individuals from the minority sector commit crimes in a certain country. Even individuals from their own religious sect commit crime. In the Holy Quran there is a quote, it says, â€Å"There shall be no compulsion in [acceptance of] the religion. The right course has become clear from the wrong. So whoever disbelieves in Taghut and believes in Allah has grasped the m ost trustworthy handhold with no break in it. And Allah is Hearing and Knowing.† (Surat Al-Baqarah, 2:256) According to this verse of the Holy Quran, it clearly says that there shall be freedom of religion. ... Similarly, in the Locke’s quote, he clearly explains that no man is superior to other man to force his opinions on others and compel him to accept his opinion and religion. There exists a relationship between an individual’s mind and reality; and no one can interfere with that relationship. Again in the same chapter of the Holy Quran it is mentioned, â€Å"Say, [O believers], "We have believed in Allah and what has been revealed to us and what has been revealed to Abraham and Ishmael and Isaac and Jacob and the Descendants and what was given to Moses and Jesus and what was given to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any of them, and we are Muslims [in submission] to Him."† (2:136) This verse clearly states that Muslims believe in all the previous prophets that were blessed to various nations in the history. To be a true Muslim, belief in the messages of the earlier Prophets is equally important. Muslims do believe in Prophet Moses who wa s sent to the Jewish tribe, Prophet Esa (Jesus) and various other Prophets. However, they submit themselves to God and follow the guidance of the Prophet. Therefore the Muslims believe in all books that were revealed to all the Prophets and in all the angels. As it is mentioned in the Holy Quran at another instance, where it says, â€Å"The Messenger has believed in what was revealed to him from his Lord, and [so have] the believers. All of them have believed in Allah and His angels and His books and His messengers, [saying], "We make no distinction between any of His messengers." And they say, "We hear and we obey. [We seek] Your forgiveness, our Lord, and to You is the [final] destination.†Ã¢â‚¬  (2:285)

Management by walking around Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management by walking around - Essay Example However, managers involve in this exercise to further keep a finger on the operation of the organization. To enhance proper connection and communication purposes within an organization, the manager has to walk around and talk to the team, ask them several questions, work alongside them and be available to help in case need arises. Therefore, this paper elaborately brings out the discussions based on management by walking around. Practicing management by walking around can lead to the achievement of the following; Approachability; when the staff members see the manager just as an individual and not as a boss, the rate of transparency increases. The staff members become more open to explain the problems within the organization (Frase and Hertzel 11). The manager gets to know the issues before they build up to be problems. Accountability; the completion of the agreement is very easy as a result of interaction between manager and the staff team. Motivation among every member builds up since there is daily interaction (Frase and Hertzel 29). T. Productivity; creativity develops due to interaction and casual exchanges. Management by walking around facilitates informal discussions, and this compels people to come up with the new innovative ideas. As a result of interaction, people become excited when they can be heard; this leads to increase in their morale. More trust develops and buildup of business knowledge (F rase and Hertzel 49) Implementation of management by walking around involves relaxation, listening and making good observation more than the rate of talking. The manager ought to make active listening with the staff at large. Asking for feedback and ideas is the best policy (Frase and Hertzel 101). T. The implementation of this is completed by installing the ideas into everyone. Wandering around should be done proportionally by the manager regardless of job title of the staff. Moreover, questions have to be answered openly and with honesty and maintaining

Response to All But My Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Response to All But My Life - Essay Example The writings also give analytical views or interpretations of any information given earlier. Finally, there are the concluding statements (CS) of the paragraph. These rephrase the main idea but are shorter. The sentences are also joined by words that effectively provide transition, and thus connect ideas (De, 104). An example of Jane Schaffer’s strategy for writing a two paragraph chunk would be as follows; TS, CD, CM, CM, CD, CM, CM, and CS.     It is about her experiences during World War 2. Jane Schaffer’s writing and applications Gerda has used Jane Schaffer writing strategy in displaying various themes in the book. One of the themes is the sustaining power of hope that act as clear encouragement incentive. The topic sentences of paragraphs that contain bad information are powerful and convey information about hope. Gerda went through severe life misfortune, for example, her parents died mysteriously after being sent to camps. However, she never lost hope and th is is shown in her preamble sentiments as contained in her work. She applied words like â€Å"less suffering and less happiness† (Klein, 150). ... An example is a sentence in which she tells the story of what happened to Lotte in Bolkenhain. The sentence is structured in a way that it brings the significance of bearing witness about any unfortunate occurrence in the world. The sentences give actual information and put the information within the context of the theme. The other sentences in the paragraph give additional information for example names of prisoners and the atrocities they suffered while in prisons. She does this to recognize that the prisoners go through the same troubles that her family members went through. She knows these victims of the Holocaust died in gloom and thus their story has to be told (Zuckerman, 34). The paragraphs are organized in a way that brings the important message of bearing witness, are respectful and capture readers’ emotions. The paragraphs are also organized in a way that brings out the theme of morality. She shows that individuals have their free will. The circumstances or situation s people are in should never take free will from them. People always have the options of being morally upright and humane despite their circumstances. This theme is displayed by giving information about individuals who displayed some unexpected behavior. Information about how Frau Kugler saved her life is contained in a paragraph that follows Jane Schaffer writing strategy. She contained the important information in the first sentence then the other sentences gave an explanation that brought this theme clearly. Frau Kugler worked for the SS yet he saved Gerda’s life, thus showing humanity. This was unexpected as she was a German while Gerda was a Jew.  

Epiphany Trigger and or contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Epiphany Trigger and or contrast - Essay Example This paper compares what caused my epiphany and what triggered Gabriel to have his epiphany in â€Å"the dead† James Joyce. My epiphany was brought about by a discussion held with some of my friends. This discussion evolved around the matters that are affecting the country today. The matters ranged from war to the resent attacks on gay rights. My stand on these matters seems always to be in contrast to what my friends seem to believe in or think this is right and ethical. The discussion had me thinking a lot about my views on these matters. I saw the overwhelming evidence that was against me, yet I maintained my stand. One of my friends talked to me and advised that I deeply reflect on my life and what I stand and believe in. He said that somewhere inside me there is a position, which is same views as the rest of my friends’ and I just had to go and think critically regarding the matter. This point provided my turning point and thus triggered my epiphany (Klein 22). Gabriel’s epiphany in â€Å"the dead† by James Joyce occurs when he and his wife attend a dinner party, which results in an epiphany for both Gabriel and his wife. The main character, James, at the end of the story, experience epiphany or a self-realization, the set of the external circumstances at the party manage to focus attention on his futility and the meaningless of his life. At the very end of the story, Gabriel’s epiphany takes place Greta tells him about the boy that she fell in love with; who died from pneumonia after a long wait in the snow so that the boy could see her for one last time. The story touches him greatly and manages to open his mind as he contemplates about himself, his behavior, and his words. He conceptualizes the past, and the future all within that moment he even sees his wife differently (Klein 23). In both cases, the epiphany is brought or triggered by people close to the

Discussion Board 4-2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Discussion Board 4-2 - Assignment Example She said that she is currently in possession of a gun, but she does not know whether she would actually use it. This calls for confidentiality, which is a basic and long-standing legal and ethical principle that is recognized in all helping professions, and counselors must realize how confidentiality applies in specific counseling situations in order to minimize the likelihood of their being required to divulge confidential client information against their will. Marcie indicates that her mother accompanied her for the appointment and is in the waiting room, but she stresses the importance of keeping the sissu from her mother. Here, respecting diversity, a fundamental factor in protecting client welfare and promoting client dignity must be applied. As such, this delicate situation be handled more in acordance with the ethics orientation that tends to focus on client welfare and protection, than a legal orientation that focuses more on protecting the

Criminal Evidence Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Criminal Evidence - Dissertation Example The integrity of a witness is inferior, as the crime’s heinousness is superior. Experts on penal laws have taken on a different belief, that the trustworthiness of a witness is superior, for the criminal act is more unspeakable.2 In view of the above, this essay tries to answer the question: â€Å"to what extent is a characteristic of a witness is taken into account in criminal proceedings?† In order to clearly illustrate the arguments, this paper includes case law and statutes that govern the role played by witnesses in criminal cases. The author uses extensive library research and literature review. Role of Witnesses in Criminal Cases One of the objectives of criminal law is to make sure that the public honour the legal system in general and avoid perpetrating crimes. But, if an individual perpetrates a criminal act, their culpability should be determined through a properly established process and a justified penalty must be given. Criminal law specifies the provision s for implementing procedures in criminal cases, lays down the groups sanctioned to perform these procedures, the kind of procedures and the outcomes of violating the prerequisites of the law. As specified by the Law on Criminal Procedure, one of these processes is the evaluation of witnesses.3 The notion of witness should be viewed from two perspectives. Firstly, the identity and character of the witness, and, secondly, the reason the witness is involved in the trial; in short, the focus of the witness’ evidence should be determined. Criminal law permits and mandates the pertinent groups to determine the accuracy of evidence so as to take appropriate actions or make judgments.4 Evidence can be verified through a variety of ways, such as interrogating of witnesses. The interrogation of witnesses is strongly governed by a chain of legal prerequisites verifying the identity and character of the witness, those who should not be allowed as witness, the duties and rights of a witn ess, the handling of witnesses by officials carrying out the procedures, the interrogation methods, the principles, the assessment of the capacity of the witness to testify, the methods to document evidence, and the outcomes of breaching the abovementioned prerequisites.5 Evidence from a witness is a statement by an individual who is not the focus of criminal procedures. The statement is given to the group carrying out the procedure which will exercise it to assess the evidence on account of which the judgment shall be given. For example, the statement can be raised by the court in passing judgment, the prosecutor when making a decision whether to impeach, and by the accused when petitioning against the charges.6 Hence, witnesses play a very important role in criminal cases. Their importance goes above legal systems and is not confined to a specific form of bureaucratic structure or stage in the growth of a legal system. Even though recognised in different periods and territories as a useful and justifiable ground in which to establish a criminal sentence, evidence given by witnesses has long been dealt with doubt. Witnesses could bend the truth, overlook relevant details, recall events inaccurately or simply misunderstand an incident. In addition, witness may be influenced or manoeuvred and their testimony may hinge on the questions which will be thrown at them. This

PIPE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

PIPE - Essay Example Yes, I do. Yes, they are burdensome to me and/ or my family. This is because I have not paid for them and they are accumulating. The debt is enormous hence I see them as a burden to me and/or my family. I may not have enough money to pay and thus will have to turn to my family for assistance. This is straining them financially. They include, renting an apartment, my car is paid off, my insurance is high, and my family has house loan plus three cars. Since my cards are not paid I have to deal with debt collectors sometimes. These financial relationships characterize my life. My financial life revolves around several factors. The factors are coping with credit cards, paying rent for my apartment, investing and others. I have to strive in order to meet these. Additionally, my family does have debts they are paying for hence hard for them to lend any kind of support towards me. Also, I am planning on how I will make my investments. I was thinking of approaching one of my bankers to make arrangements with them on this. Due to some risks that may occur, I have made arrangements with my insurance company on some of my

Radiation Exposure Essay Example for Free

Radiation Exposure Essay Radiation Exposure Do you know much radiation you are exposed to everyday? Many people are not aware of the radiation levels around them on a daily basis. I believe that exposure to radiation should be minimal. I think protection and prevention is vital. Being aware of the health risks and what can be done to protect yourself should be a well known piece of knowledge. If followed, this knowledge can help reduce radiation exposure levels. Exposure to radiation is higher today than it has ever been before according to Alice Park. Radiation is around you constantly, every day. Radiation has a greater resence when an individual flies on an airplane, smokes cigarettes, receives x-rays, watches television, and uses the microwave. Although not all radiation exposure can be controlled, radiation from x-rays can be kept at a minimum. Radiologic technologists are very careful about how much radiation that the patient has absorbed and what kind of radiation they are exposed to. Gamma ray radiation is the most powerful and damaging of all the radiation particles. Alpha and Beta particles are much weaker and not as harmful. Take for example the Computed Tomography Scan (C. T. scan). A C. T. scan emits gamma rays in large doses. The amount of adiation that an individual is exposed to can be compared to 400 dental x-rays or five-one hour flights. Gamma ray radiation is not what you would want to be openly exposed to. Gamma rays can cause damage over time. I believe protection and prevention of radiation exposure should be a top priority. A commonly asked question about radiation exposure deals with the health risks. Are there any health risks? Take for example aspirin. There are risks for taking aspirin if you take too much. Likewise, radiation when given out in large doses increases health risks. One type of radiation called ionizing radiation can change the structure f the cells in your body according to the Health Physics Society. By changing the structure of the cells in the body, changes in the tissue can occur. This can lead to your cells not being able to reproduce themselves or the cells can start to produce too much. The main structure found in the cell that can be damaged by radiation exposure is the DNA. This structure is one of the most important because it contains our genetic makeup. DNA has the ability to repair minor damage. If DNA is repeatedly damaged by being exposed to radiation, the cell will die. This may seem to be of no importance if a few cells are killed by radiation. However, if these damaged cells are in the vital organs that keep us alive, that organ might not function properly. Of course the effects of radiation exposure are different for each individual. These effects depend on the type of radiation, how you are exposed to it, and our own genetic makeup. Still, a more important question arises due to radiation exposure. Who are at risk for being exposed to radiation? As a general fact cells and tissues that are developing are more affected when radiation interacts with them. The Health Physics Society explains that children are more sensitive to radiation than adults because theyre still n a growing stage. The developing stage is crucial. If you add radiation to this other words, the cells will not do their Jobs. Protection for children from excessive amounts of radiation exposure really became more important to me. No parent wants any child to suffer the harmful effects of radiation exposure. Adults also can have similar effects on themselves if theyre not careful. Protection from radiation from a machine is the best thing to do for children so they wont be harmed. With all the unavoidable radiation and particles around us, what can be done to protect ourselves from exposure? According to the Environmental Protection Agency, there are three basic radiation protection concepts. First, how much time are we being exposed to radiation? Radiation exposure increases as more time is spent near the source of radiation. So, the less time you are exposed the better off you will be. Second, how much distance from the radiation source should there be? The farther away an individual is from the source of radiation, the less they are exposed to it. Distance depends on the size and activity of the radiation being administered. For example, gamma rays travel long distances, while alpha and beta particles dont ravel very far. So, the greater the distance, the less radiation you will be exposed to. Finally, shielding is the last protection concept. Shielding is having something that will absorb radiation between you and the particles or rays of radiation. The amount of shielding depends on the kind of radiation that you are exposed to. For example, an individual who receives gamma ray radiation requires thick, dense shielding such as lead. The higher the gamma ray that one is being exposed to, the thicker the lead protective wear must be. Alpha particles are very weak, but still require some protection. In this case only a thin piece of material, like paper or light clothing is necessary. Beta particles are a little stronger than alpha particles. Beta particles require thicker protection, like heavy clothing. The heavy clothing protects the skin from possibly being burned. Knowing what kind of radiation an individual will be exposed to ahead of time can help to protect oneself against radiation exposure. Most people with common sense would argue several factors against radiation exposure. One of the counter arguments would be what are the levels of radiation people are exposed to on a daily basis. Most people would say that the average amount of radiation exposure is minimal and would not require protection. Over time this builds up and that we could prevent a lot of the exposure we take in. Other people may say that because of minimal exposure we do not protection, but knowing the risks of exposure can help lead to prevention. Another point that can be argued is that most people may already know the risks of radiation and are attempting to limit or prevent radiation exposure. Exposure to radiation happens on a daily basis. By taking the proper steps one can insure that exposure to radiation stays at a minimum. I believe that minimal exposure to radiation is the way to go.

Skills for running a small business

Skills for running a small business SKILLS FOR RUNNING A SMALL BUSINESS There are a number of skills required to run a business. You will need to use the skills you have and probably develop new ones as well It is often not possible for one person to have all the skills, in this case you might consider taking on staff or perhaps a partner to fill the gaps What kind of skills do you think are needed to run a business? Skills relating to products or services Management skills Recording and checking performance skills Selling skills Administration skills Previous experience, although not a skill will help The ability to recognise your own strengths and weaknesses 1. Skills relating to products and/or services Some products or services require specialist skills to produce or provide Even if you buy your products or services in, the people in your business that deal with customers still need a detailed knowledge of what is on offer You will need to think about these skills for your business, do you have them, are you planning to develop them, or are you going to employ someone who has them? 2. Management skills Henry Fayol suggested there are 5 primary functions of management, to be a successful manager you will need to have or develop skills in these areas. Planning Organizing Leading Co-ordinating Controlling (processes, performance etc, NOT people) Some people now think Fayols ideas are a bit old fashioned, however the basic principles of management remain the same A more modern writer, Katz, identified 3 main components to being a good manager Technical skills about the product or service Human skills, interacting with others and leading effectively Conceptual skills, coming up with new ideas, decision making and problem solving 3. Recording and checking performance skills One of the main roles of a business owner is to monitor how well the business is doing so that things can be changed if needed Performance standards need to be set, these should relate back to the aims and objectives and be SMART Actual performance is measured, information is collected. What information would your business need to collect? Actual performance is compared to the standards, if they are being met no further action is needed Corrective action is taken where required How good are you at following this kind of process, do you have an eye for detail, are you likely to follow up and measure? You will need to make use of your organisational and analytical skills 4. Selling skills As a small business owner you may need to use personal selling to get your potential customers to buy Good communication skills Persuasion skills An awareness of buying signals from customers (Observational skills) The ability to close a sale (Negotiation Skills) Good listening skills Identifying product needs in the customer Good product knowledge A lot of these skills can be learnt if you dont have them 5. Administration skills . Administration skills are vital to any business. To be good at administration you need to have a logical approach, be well organised, pay attention to detail and have good communication skills Accurate organisation of customer files and data Letter writing, faxing, emails, telephone calls etc (Technological skills) Preparation and dispatch of invoices, paying bills Managing budgets 6. Previous experience (although not a skill, this would be useful) If you have already worked in a similar company or related business this will help you. Also if you are basing your idea around a hobby or interest this may also give you some expertise If you have worked in a similar business you may have seen problems in that one that help you to avoid them yourself 7. Strengths and Weaknesses No-one is good at everything so you need to be honest about what you can and cant do Recognising your strengths will help you build the business around things you are good at Weaknesses should not be ignored. Once you are aware of them its important to implement a strategy to either eliminate them or prevent them from undermining the business Training you could enroll on a course, possibly with a local college. There are also lots of companies around that specialise in training so you might be able to contact one of them. Beware though, sometimes they can be very expensive, particularly if they are specialised Take on a partner if they compliment your skills this may be a good idea. There may be no upfront expense associated with this but they will expect a share of the profits Do some business networking this is where you attend events that attract other business people, you can talk to them, make contacts, get advice and possibly sales leads as well. For most small businesses this is an excellent option. Business Link, Chamber of Commerce and trade associations are sources that can help with this Employees you could always advertise for an employee with particular skills. Specialist employees may expect   higher salaries so could be expensive There are a number of areas that you can get professional help in. It can be really expensive so be sure you know what youre getting into before you commit. What kind of professions do you think can help? Business consultants you can employ experienced business people who will share their expertise and knowledge Accountants Most small businesses will need to employ a professional accountant, particularly to set up the legal status of the business and produce the annual accounts Solicitors will advise on any legal matters, contracts and the like with regards to the business Business Link an organisation set up by the government (Department for Trade and Industry), they offer services similar to business consultants but because they are government funded they are cheaper. You may have to wait for them, they are generally very busy You are now ready to do a skills audit. You need to perform an objective and accurate assessment of your suitability and the skills you possess to run the business you have chosen. You need to appraise your own skills and abilities honestly and identify any gaps For the first part you need to compile a list of the skills needed to run your business and a realistic assessment of whether or not you have them at the moment. You now need to put an outline job description together that describes the skills needed to run your business. Skills relating to products or services A keen interest in the product sold by my business shal be a necessity n the working of the company, Also a ability to know the whole of the procut along with its functionality shall also be required. It would also be needed that a ability to answer customer demands in regards to a product, to run the business smoothly. Obvioulsy therefore in light of this a ability to use and demonstrate the product shall be required along with a ability to market the product as well as the business enteprie itself. Management skills Team management shall be needed when running my business, especially in the field of marketing. Whereby groups of ndividuals shall market the product outside the company, and therefore good management technique shall need to be drawn upon. Furthermore to this senior management shall be needed to direct the company and its product as the business gros and develops. This ability to lead the business shal undoubtably be a massive requirement in regards to moving th company forward in the future. Recording and checking performance skills Recording and checking the companies performance shall be a necessity as in any other eneterprise. Particularly in the business of a new innovative product, market analysis and checking shll be a hugely needed requirement. Furthermore a ability to check company financial performance shall be needed to ensure the company is hitting projected performance targets as a whole. Selling skills A strong ability to sell the product of which we sell shall be neededwithin my business, for It continued success. A ability to sell the product in bulk orders would be preferable and also to sel the product in a friendly manner too. Also when sales are lost an ability to record and suggest how the sale went wrong shall also b e a required skillset. Administration skills Administration skills as in any business shall be critically important. In order to run my business successfully a srong administration skillset shall be needed. This shall allow for all paperwork and smaller tasks within the business to all be completed to a standard that ensures the company in kept up-to-date in all its work and legality documents. Previous experience, although not a skill will be useful Internal audit Strengths Weaknesses External audit Opportunities Threats Skills Assessment Team Member (Anonymous) Skill Administration Skill Management Skill Selling Skill Product Knowledge Skill Operations Skill Customer Service 1 3 3 2 3 5 3 2 4 4 2 2 4 3 3 5 3 1 2 5 2 4 3 2 2 3 4 1 Tally Priority Rating Scale 1-5 (1=Good, 5=Poor) Statement 1 Your selling skills within your business at the momen its its greatest quality. However its clear that the area of operations can greatly do with improvement Statement 2 Operations is a poor area of your business to date, in terms of how everything works and things fit together however management like selling is a better quality existing. Statement 3 Your customer service at the moment is good, however a better knowledge of the products you shall would be of greater use and further help your customer service. Statement 4 Your management skills however currently good theres a great amount of room for improvement in this skillset. This can be achieved by leading your employees more effectively of which shall also cross over and improve your results for the operations section of your business. Skills I need to run my business Do I currently have these Evidence Selling Skills in regards to the product Good Customer Service I feel that currently my selling skills are of a good standard however would greatly need improvement in the future. In order to run my product based business to a successful level. It key therefore that this skill is worked upon and developed. Along with a ability to sell, with my business being around a product good customer service shall be essential. It shall be preferred that I develop a good level of customer service skills that are used throughout my business. Selling products within young enterprise group. Speaking to customers of young enterprise and helping with order placements. Skills I need to develop Purpose for development How will I achieve this By When Need to develop operations skills To improve my ability to work a business. And to get it functioning towards a objective. Allowing for the business to run smoothly and operate successfully. This shall be key in ensuring my business is of a good working level and leads to a strong company as a whole. I shall achieve this by working on the area of operations within a business. I shall therefore take roles relating to operations more frequently and work in those areas with great care in order to improve within that particular area. I aim to achieve this particular goal by February 2010. Target Review point 1:   February 2010 Date achieved Evidence If not achieved how   can you achieve them in the future Target Review point 1: April 2010 Date achieved Evidence If not achieved how   can you achieve them in the future

Positive And Negative Impacts Of Customer Relationship

Positive And Negative Impacts Of Customer Relationship In current economic conditions it is a basic requirement for a company to manage information. Anderson Kerr 2002, p.2 define Customer Relationship Management as a comprehensive approach for creating, maintaining and expanding customer relationships. It is vital that information is used effectively to acknowledge the customer needs. CRM is established for the improvement of the relationship between the customer and organisation. This improvement happens when a company establishes new relations with the new customers and also when it maintains its existing relationship with the customer. CRM existed in ancient times but only started to develop in recent years (Makeupmyname, 2009) It is explained that the development is mainly due to technological advances. Although there are other factors which influenced the recent development of CRM. As a business strategy CRM effectively organisies company resources in the department of sales, marketing, finance and HR (Get fast, Date Accessed 4th) This report will specifically look at the positive and negative impacts of Customer Relationship Management has upon the marketing function. Furthermore it will take a detailed look at the use of technology and business strategy. USE OF TECHNOLOGY EXPLAINING: According to Buttle (2004,p.34) Customer Relationship management (CRM) is a core business strategy that integrates processes, functions and external networks to create and deliver value to targeted customers at a profit. It is grounded on high quality customer data and enable by Information Technology (IT). Raab, et al. (2008) expands on this by stating that company carries on their existing business by finding the appropriate methods, technology and then delivering them to the customer in the best ways preferred to the customers requirements. This mainly includes the data which assists the company to know valuable information required for marketing the product to the customer. Information produced for purpose of CRM consists of customers behavior towards the company, transactions made from sales, web used by the customer for purchasing the product and contact of the customer for informing them about the new product and keeping relationships. Software technology helps the company to analyse the data for marketing the product and also for finding out which product is more preferred by their customer in the market (Smith, 2009) Software technology allows the company to analyse the data and keep the relationship with the customer. This form of technology assists the company to advertise their products online and also assists selling of the product through this software. In the contrast hardware technology is used for storing all kind of data used by the company about its customer. Hardware is described as a client-server with mainframe for data volumes by Mutch (2008,p. 92). IMPACT OF INFORMATION USE: By considering CRM as a technology, the incorporated usage of Information Communication Technology (ICT), Information Technology (IT) and Information system (IS), are vital from which the data are occurred and interpreted for the information use (Mutch, 2008). CRM has developed in last decade due to the technology used in it. The increase of acceptance in CRM technology in business is due to the concepts of marketing orientation (Kohli, Jaworski and Kumar, 1993). Technology has become important for the company for storing data and using this data to form the strategy of the company. Surveys are one of the methods used to collection information; this form of research helps company to develop marketing software which is used in advertising products to the customers. The use of web technology and use of software as a service provider records all the transactions of the sales in the customer data. This data is used so that the can find out about the usage of product from the customer. Th e company can use the usage data to make any strategic changes to its product. Ultimately, the company will produce the product to its customer needs which will therefore build its relationship with the customer. Davenport (1997, p.9) explains that information is the data which is a kind of purpose and relevance that helps the company to analysis the data in a meaningful way. Data which is collected is the information which is obtained from the customer about their view of product and their expectation from the company. Managing this data is important for the company because this helps the company to get into touch with the customer and to maintain the relationships. It is vital that marketing data which has been collected is of a qualitative nature. This is important because the collected data will be used to produce the companies marketing strategy. If incorrect data is used by the company for marketing purposes, it may have difficulties of understanding the customers requirements and therefore they will struggle in building relationships with its customers. This information which is found now can easily be stored in computers as a data and it can be used infinite amount of times by the company (Buttle, 2004). Information which is collected is structured into computer database in such a way that it can be broken down easily. In CRM the information which is collected is used for decision-making regarding the manufacturing of new product and launching it in to the market. The information which is collected in CRM can also impact customer service, finance, sales and Human Resources management. Knox (2007) affirmed that Hierarchical Nature of Information, which explain that various data merge to form information which in written forms in to knowledge for the company and this information is included to get the valuable meaning. Information is the data which has been produced by the company for making decisions regarding the products and how to market their products. Information plays an important role in the development of the marketing strategy. Managing information in large organisations is important because they regularly collect vast amount of information from the transactions of sales which can for a variety of purpose in the business (Sharp, 2003). CRM is the base for the technology used in collection of data which helps company to capture analysis and apply it in the business. The large amount of information which is collected by the company helps them to understand the requirement of the customer and then apply it to the decision- making in the business. Knowledge in term means the understanding of the particular thing (bob,2005). In regards to technology Goldenberg (2003,p, 171) states that Knowledge management technology helps companies to capture, organize, manipulate, and share explicit and implicit data. In contrast Awad and Ghaziri (2004, p.33) state that knowledge is an understanding gained through experience or study. It is the experience which builds the knowledge about the marketing for the company but not by knowing the particular thing of the market. It is like a task which has to be completed by the person for getting knowledge. In CRM the understanding of meaningful information is released to the person to result in to the knowledge of the customer relationship. The concept behind the knowledge management is of combination of people, technology and organizational process used in the best way to get the result (Awad and Ghaziri, 2004). CRM helps the company to find the most appropriate way for utilizing the knowledge and getting best result out of it. It is the mixture of all kind of data available for the company as uses secondary resources. The main focus behind CRM in knowledge is to collect large amount of data and then finding out the best suitable data for the particular product for marketing (Awad and Ghaziri, 2004).

Survival of the Fittest: Exploitation of Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge

Slavery has existed throughout history and it even exists today in various forms. Slavery is the imprisonment of an individual by another. Herbert Spencer proposed the idea of survival of the fittest in human society. With slavery, especially in today’s time, there are people who are socially stronger taking advantage of those who are weaker and more vulnerable. The societies of today view money as a form of power, and with this power it is used to entrap the weak and using them as disposable objects. One of the forms of slavery that exist today but goes unnoticed is human trafficking. Somaly Mam’s autobiography, The Road of Lost Innocence, gave her readers an inside look into her world as a sex slave in Cambodia. Throughout her book, she describes the cruel and awful things slaves experience throughout their slavery. Sex slaves and violence are persistent in societies around the world, especially in the Cambodian society, because of the lack of respect and morals a nd the disconnection between the people with in that society. Cambodia is one of the poorest countries in Southern Asia. Cambodia’s poverty is causing a lot issues within the country; two of these issues are crime and enslavement. The citizens of that society are working hard and are receiving little to no pay. The damage that the Khmer Rouge has done to Cambodia has left the people emotionally and physically scarred. In Mam’s book she talks a lot about the effects that the Khmer Rouge had on the people and her country. Her words painted a picture for her readers showing the way people acted towards one another due to the Khmer Rouge. For example, she states, â€Å"It was important not to see, not to hear, not to know anything about what was happening† (Mam 14). Mam... ...the Khmer Rouge.† Time World, 17 February 2009 Date Accessed: 25 January 2012 Mam, Somaly. The Road of Lost Innocence: The True Story of a Cambodian Heroine. Ruth Marshall, Trans. New York: Spiegel& Grau, 2008. Pearl, Mariane. â€Å"Global Diary: Cambodia.† Glamour Magazine, 1 August 2006. Date Accessed: 25 January 2012 cambodia#ixzz1kXXN4LqD> Spencer, Channing. â€Å"Modern-Day Slavery in America: Sex Trafficking and Labor Exploitation.† Perspective Magazine, Harvard’s Liberal Monthly, 30 March 2010. Weinstein, David, "Herbert Spencer", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2009 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.) Date Accessed: 25 January 2012 .

Canterbury Tales - Comparison of the Millers Tale and the Knights Tal

A Comparison of the Miller's Tale and the Knight's Tale  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   It is common when considering The Canterbury Tales to discuss how some tales seem designed to emphasise the themes of others. Two such tales are the Miller's Tale2 and the Knight's Tale3. At first glance these two tales seem an incongruous pairing. The Knight's Tale is told by an eminent person, is an historical romance which barely escapes a tragic ending, and its themes are universal: the relationship of individuals to providence, fortune and free will. The Miller's Tale is told by a drunken "cherl" (MT 3182), is a farcical fabliau, and has "a plot, not themes"4. And yet, in my opinion, there is much to be gained by reading the Miller's Tale with the themes and characters of the Knight's Tale firmly in mind. The juxtaposition of the Miller's Tale to "the Knight's Tale makes its very lack of significance significant"5. These two tales have seemingly opposite doctrines, and yet, it seems to me, both have the same object: to encourage us to survive the misfortunes and uncertainties of life as best we can. The Knight's Tale tells us to "maken vertu of necessitee"(KT 3042) while the Miller's Tale expects "every wight" to "laughen at this stryf"(MT 3849). The Miller's Tale is designed to "quite" (MT 3127) the Knight's Tale. It certainly matches it in quality of composition, but 'repays' the other tale mainly through its use of comedy. Humour throws new light on the characters and actions of the preceeding tale. The folly of the carpenter in the Miller's Tale is by no means the only comic device used by Chaucer to create humour, but it is central in many ways. "He is, in theory, the 'authority figure' of the tale, and it therefore opens with him; ... ...e Chaucer: Third Edition (Oxford: OUP, 1987), The Miller's Tale. All line references to the Miller's Tale will be given in text, preceded by the initials "MT". 3. Larry Benson, The Riverside Chaucer: Third Edition (Oxford: OUP, 1987), The Knight's Tale. All line references to the Knight's Tale will be given in text, preceded by the initials "KT". 4. Helen Cooper, Oxford Guides to Chaucer: The Canterbury Tales (Oxford: OUP, 1989), p. 101. 5. Cooper, p. 101. 6. Cooper, p. 99. 7. Robert Miller, "The Miller's Tale as a Complaint," Chaucer Review, 5 (1970), p. 147-160. This from p. 150. 8. Derek Pearsall, "The Canterbury Tales II: Comedy," In Piero Boitani and Jill Mann (eds), The Cambridge Chaucer Companion (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), p. 125-142. This from, p. 131. 9. Cooper, 99. 10. Pearsall, p. 129.      

History Of Robotics :: Essays Papers

History Of Robotics Vision: What will robots hold for us in the future? Objective: Learn about the history of robotics Goal: Inform my readers about the history of robotics Task: Researching the history of robotics and reporting on this topic. There’s no precise definition, but by general agreement, a robot is a programmable machine that imitates the actions or appearance of an intelligent creature–usually a human. To qualify as a robot, a machine has to be able to get information from its surroundings and do something physical–such as move or manipulate objects. The word robot comes from the Czech word robota, which means drudgery or slave-like labor. the word was first used to describe fabricated workers in a fictional 1920s play by Czech author Karel Capek called Rossum’s Universal Robots. During the play, a scientist invents robots to help people by performing simple, repetitive tasks. However, once the robots are used to fight wars, they turn on their human owners and take over the world. If you think robots are mainly the thing you see in space movies, think again. Right now, all over the world, robots are on the move doing various tasks. They are painting cars at Ford plants, assembling Milano cookies for Pepperidge Farms, walking into live volcanoes, driving trains in Paris , and defusing bombs in Northern Ireland . As they grow tougher, nimbler, and smarter, today’s robots are doing more and more things humans can’t do, or in many cases, wouldn't want to do anyway. Robots have been around for less than fifty years, but the idea of metal creations that do our bidding is much older. The ancient Greek poet Homer described maidens of gold, mechanical helpers built by Hephaistos, the Greek god of metal smiths. The golems of medieval Jewish legend were robot-like servants made of clay, brought to life by a spoken charm. In 1495, Leonardo da Vinci drew plans for a mechanical man. However, real robots wouldn’t become possible until the 1950s and 1960s, with the invention of transistors and integrated circuits. Compact, reliable electronics and a growing computer industry added brains to already existing machines. In 1959, researchers demonstrated the possibility of robotic manufacturing when they unveiled a computer-controlled milling machine that made ashtrays. Public fascination with robotics peaked in the early 1980s, spurred in part by movies like Star Wars, which featured robots C3-PO and R2-D2 as helpful sidekicks to human masters.

Teachers Being Obliged to Teach Morality

Teachers are obliged to develop children’s morality as a part of their education. Children observe and informally learn life skills from an array of sources throughout their lifetime; these influences can affect the physical, cognitive and social-emotional aspects of a child’s development. The standards of a child’s morals are predominantly shaped by the morals of those around them such as peers, adults and teachers; this in many cases can prove undamaging, however some may unintentionally adopt a preconventional morality.In order to prevent undesirable moral traits within a child should it be the obligation of their teachers to educate the children in an internal behavioural context? Will this solve the issue? Social theologist’s propose that mental and moral standards have no objective reality, they are derived from ones subjective opinion (Miller, 2007). However it is also argued that a child’s environment is directly linked to changes in the pre frontal cortex of the brain, subsequently affecting the child’s cognitive mental development (Hansen, 2012).Teacher Cadet EssayIt can be justified to say that children can and will be affected morally by their surroundings, conversely the degree of impact will be determined by the child’s internal response. The process of moral advancement is linked to an individual’s three developmental domains, physical, cognitive and social-emotional; all of these domains are interrelated among each other and in some way represented within the educational curriculum (McDevitt, 2004).Physical abilities, neurological capabilities and the acquisition of motor skills are all taught and practiced throughout schooling, the obligation teachers have in assisting physical development manifests into an appropriate platform for moral development within the other two domains. Children begin to conceptualise abstract and analytical thought patterns as they learn and follow their teacherâ €™s rules which differ from their social and home rubrics. According to Piaget (1932) children at their earliest stages of moral development begin to analyse behaviours based on the resulting consequences (McDevitt, 2013).Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, where a child’s moral fortitude is defined by what they believe is emotionally right or wrong (McDevitt, 2013), poses as another form of moral evolution. At school, these two forms of moral development arise from teachers whom are individually obligated to teach their students a broad range of moral behaviours and base their teaching on their own moral values; however this creates room for error and discrimination.The obligations some teachers have to educate students on morals is both self-motivated and an honourable attribute, teachers within the public schooling system however have a fine line they must abide by. Religion, is banned in the public school curriculum by the Board of Studies, many people such as Humanists have the perspective that in order to guide children in establishing ‘proper’ morals one must reference a form of religion, whether it be directly or indirectly, however if it creates a happier, healthier child by all means teach moral education in school (Schafersman, 1991).Liberals see the education of morals and ethics to children not as a means of teaching and developing children socially and emotionally, but as a manifestation of religious views (Miller, 2007). This idea is not unfair, many parents have a range of views they predict superior to the idea of religion and any link to it. These restrictions nevertheless must coincide with a teacher’s code of conduct, the anti-religion extremist must understand the difference, and teachers should not have to ignore any moral transgressions by a child.Many parents of young children aged from 4-7 years old, which is when they first start to understand moral and immoral behaviour(2012, 09), can find th emselves too busy to instil their own morals and ethics onto their children and rely solely on their child’s other surrounding attributes to provide the developmental avenues necessary. Children who are not taught morals and appropriate behaviour prove to be more disruptive within a class setting (McDevitt, 2013).In these circumstances a child may struggle to develop socially and emotionally. A teacher educating morals will never replace a parent, however if the child is not receiving an ample amount of moral education at home, perhaps it is in the best interest of the parent, teacher and child if they were taught some moral standards at school. An obligated teacher, before enforcing moral standards, must assess a child’s physical, social-emotional and cognitive domains as there is a great diversity within each child’s moral development.Identify family conditions such as family structure, cultural background, family livelihood, parenting styles, disruptive influ ences and maltreatment (McDevitt, 2013). Gender also plays a role in moral diversity, females are more likely to inherit a care orientation, whilst males are more justice orientated (McDevitt, 2013). Different ethnicities too have varying understandings on what is right, and what is wrong.A child’s exposure to moral disputes and crisis beyond their years will have a great impact on their overall development, in these cases it is applauded for a teacher to feel obliged to not teach, but help a child through a moral issue. Children grow and adapt to their surroundings, they take moral values from all avenues and mould them to coincide within their own lifestyle, and therefore a teacher should feel obliged to contribute a level of moral fortitude, depending on the child’s circumstances.A teacher may encourage morals indirectly by creating learning and social groups for children with a preconventional morality, this enhances their social-emotional development giving the pu pil more peers to converse and follow suit (Bredekamp, 2009). A teacher may enforce moral standards cognitively if they believe the child is bullying or acting in a hostile manner. When a child is growing it can be a very fragile process, any altercations to a single progressive domain may throw off the entire balance, as all the developmental domains are similarly linked.Schooling systems are created to assist a child to develop and learn in an environment that appeals to a child’s every growing need, according to the Board of Studies. For an institution to advertise this degree of growth in a child it must have teachers going above and beyond the curriculum to impel children to mature and understand societal transgressions as well as the standard schooling subjects. Children will learn from teachers, teachers are seen as a source of information, they are the hierarchy outside of home, and they are interpreted as unquestionable (Daniels, 2002).If a teacher can use his or her s’ authority, with an educated opinion as to the child’s stability within its three domains, and help children advance their moral standards, then the teacher should welcomely feel obliged to educate morality, without scrutiny. (1,080 words) References Dave Miller. Can’t Teach Morals in School, Scholarly Blog. 2007. D. H. Daniels, L. Shumow. Child development and classroom teaching: a review of the literature and implications for educating teachers, 2002. J. L. Hansen, M. K. Chung, B. B. Avants, K. D. Rudolph, E. A,Shirtcliff, J. C. Gee, R. J. Davidson, S. D.Pollak. Structural variations in prefrontal cortex mediate the relationship between early childhood stress and spatial working memory. Journal of Neuroscience, 2012. Steven D. Schafersman, TEACHING MORALS AND VALUES IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS: A HUMANIST PERSPECTIVE, 1991 S. Bredekamp, C. Copple. Appropreate Practice in Early Childhood Programs, 2009 T. McDevitt, J. Ormrod. Child development: educating and workin g with children and adolescents (2nd ed), 2004. T. McDevitt, J. Ormrod, G. Cupit, M. Chandler, V. Aloa. Child Development and Education. 2013. 2012, 09. Moral Development. www. StudyMode. com. Teachers Being Obliged to Teach Morality Teachers are obliged to develop children’s morality as a part of their education. Children observe and informally learn life skills from an array of sources throughout their lifetime; these influences can affect the physical, cognitive and social-emotional aspects of a child’s development. The standards of a child’s morals are predominantly shaped by the morals of those around them such as peers, adults and teachers; this in many cases can prove undamaging, however some may unintentionally adopt a preconventional morality.In order to prevent undesirable moral traits within a child should it be the obligation of their teachers to educate the children in an internal behavioural context? Will this solve the issue? Social theologist’s propose that mental and moral standards have no objective reality, they are derived from ones subjective opinion (Miller, 2007). However it is also argued that a child’s environment is directly linked to changes in the pre frontal cortex of the brain, subsequently affecting the child’s cognitive mental development (Hansen, 2012).Teacher Cadet EssayIt can be justified to say that children can and will be affected morally by their surroundings, conversely the degree of impact will be determined by the child’s internal response. The process of moral advancement is linked to an individual’s three developmental domains, physical, cognitive and social-emotional; all of these domains are interrelated among each other and in some way represented within the educational curriculum (McDevitt, 2004).Physical abilities, neurological capabilities and the acquisition of motor skills are all taught and practiced throughout schooling, the obligation teachers have in assisting physical development manifests into an appropriate platform for moral development within the other two domains. Children begin to conceptualise abstract and analytical thought patterns as they learn and follow their teacherâ €™s rules which differ from their social and home rubrics. According to Piaget (1932) children at their earliest stages of moral development begin to analyse behaviours based on the resulting consequences (McDevitt, 2013).Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, where a child’s moral fortitude is defined by what they believe is emotionally right or wrong (McDevitt, 2013), poses as another form of moral evolution. At school, these two forms of moral development arise from teachers whom are individually obligated to teach their students a broad range of moral behaviours and base their teaching on their own moral values; however this creates room for error and discrimination.The obligations some teachers have to educate students on morals is both self-motivated and an honourable attribute, teachers within the public schooling system however have a fine line they must abide by. Religion, is banned in the public school curriculum by the Board of Studies, many people such as Humanists have the perspective that in order to guide children in establishing ‘proper’ morals one must reference a form of religion, whether it be directly or indirectly, however if it creates a happier, healthier child by all means teach moral education in school (Schafersman, 1991).Liberals see the education of morals and ethics to children not as a means of teaching and developing children socially and emotionally, but as a manifestation of religious views (Miller, 2007). This idea is not unfair, many parents have a range of views they predict superior to the idea of religion and any link to it. These restrictions nevertheless must coincide with a teacher’s code of conduct, the anti-religion extremist must understand the difference, and teachers should not have to ignore any moral transgressions by a child.Many parents of young children aged from 4-7 years old, which is when they first start to understand moral and immoral behaviour(2012, 09), can find th emselves too busy to instil their own morals and ethics onto their children and rely solely on their child’s other surrounding attributes to provide the developmental avenues necessary. Children who are not taught morals and appropriate behaviour prove to be more disruptive within a class setting (McDevitt, 2013).In these circumstances a child may struggle to develop socially and emotionally. A teacher educating morals will never replace a parent, however if the child is not receiving an ample amount of moral education at home, perhaps it is in the best interest of the parent, teacher and child if they were taught some moral standards at school. An obligated teacher, before enforcing moral standards, must assess a child’s physical, social-emotional and cognitive domains as there is a great diversity within each child’s moral development.Identify family conditions such as family structure, cultural background, family livelihood, parenting styles, disruptive influ ences and maltreatment (McDevitt, 2013). Gender also plays a role in moral diversity, females are more likely to inherit a care orientation, whilst males are more justice orientated (McDevitt, 2013). Different ethnicities too have varying understandings on what is right, and what is wrong.A child’s exposure to moral disputes and crisis beyond their years will have a great impact on their overall development, in these cases it is applauded for a teacher to feel obliged to not teach, but help a child through a moral issue. Children grow and adapt to their surroundings, they take moral values from all avenues and mould them to coincide within their own lifestyle, and therefore a teacher should feel obliged to contribute a level of moral fortitude, depending on the child’s circumstances.A teacher may encourage morals indirectly by creating learning and social groups for children with a preconventional morality, this enhances their social-emotional development giving the pu pil more peers to converse and follow suit (Bredekamp, 2009). A teacher may enforce moral standards cognitively if they believe the child is bullying or acting in a hostile manner. When a child is growing it can be a very fragile process, any altercations to a single progressive domain may throw off the entire balance, as all the developmental domains are similarly linked.Schooling systems are created to assist a child to develop and learn in an environment that appeals to a child’s every growing need, according to the Board of Studies. For an institution to advertise this degree of growth in a child it must have teachers going above and beyond the curriculum to impel children to mature and understand societal transgressions as well as the standard schooling subjects. Children will learn from teachers, teachers are seen as a source of information, they are the hierarchy outside of home, and they are interpreted as unquestionable (Daniels, 2002).If a teacher can use his or her s’ authority, with an educated opinion as to the child’s stability within its three domains, and help children advance their moral standards, then the teacher should welcomely feel obliged to educate morality, without scrutiny. (1,080 words) References Dave Miller. Can’t Teach Morals in School, Scholarly Blog. 2007. D. H. Daniels, L. Shumow. Child development and classroom teaching: a review of the literature and implications for educating teachers, 2002. J. L. Hansen, M. K. Chung, B. B. Avants, K. D. Rudolph, E. A,Shirtcliff, J. C. Gee, R. J. Davidson, S. D.Pollak. Structural variations in prefrontal cortex mediate the relationship between early childhood stress and spatial working memory. Journal of Neuroscience, 2012. Steven D. Schafersman, TEACHING MORALS AND VALUES IN THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS: A HUMANIST PERSPECTIVE, 1991 S. Bredekamp, C. Copple. Appropreate Practice in Early Childhood Programs, 2009 T. McDevitt, J. Ormrod. Child development: educating and workin g with children and adolescents (2nd ed), 2004. T. McDevitt, J. Ormrod, G. Cupit, M. Chandler, V. Aloa. Child Development and Education. 2013. 2012, 09. Moral Development. www. StudyMode. com.

Philippine National Hero, Jose Rizal Essay

This film pictures flatts and unkn suffer facts about the aliveness of the Philippine National Hero, Jose Rizal. When I am watching the film I en passel the story cle atomic number 18r than reading it, the scenes played in the film made my mind and vision clearer. Theyve explain the life of Rizal clearly even though some information is non that important but still they are saying it for the students or the viewer posterior understand much the life of Rizal. In watching the films Ive realize the things that a man undersurface do. The film started from Rizal telling what had been his life as a untested son was. foreign any boy, Rizal came from a rich family which support be considered as principalia. His parents were considered to be a good example in their own ways. He had a big family with 10 siblings, nine sisters and one brother named Ponciano.Rizal was separate as a young boy whose eagerness to learn was of undeniable. At his young age of nine, he was asked to live in m anila to study. He took entrance examinations and last schooled at prestigious campuses in manila paper by that time. He studied prime(prenominal) at Ateneo de Manila University then stretch forth it at University of Sto. Thomas. Rizal also continued his studies foreign and he was able to visit many a(prenominal) countries. Rizal demonstrated great talent in literature, philosophy and also in arts. He received awards in some contests that he joined and successfully won the major ones at times. As a student, I can say that Rizal was very sticky working and dedicated. He was an engineer, sculptor, painter, ophthalmologist and a writer. I cant desire that a man can be that good, a man can do many things, and a man can defend his own country. He give not achieve all of that without his friends, of course.

Nutritional Deficiency’s with Vegetarian Diets Essay

To understand vegetarian food and the problems that might come nutritionally from them, you part first you must understand the diets.Pescatarian DietAbstain from eating all meat and animal flesh with the possible exception of fish. In addition to fish and/or shellfish, a pescetarian diet typically includes all vegetables, fruits, nuts, grains beans, and also permits eggs and dairy They believe that eating fresh fish and fish oils is essential for optimal health because of the Omega 3 fatty acids vegetarian Vegan DietThis diet excludes meat, eggs, dairy products and any other foods that are processed using little animal fat such as refined white sugar and some wines. A healthy and varied vegan diet includes fruits, vegetables, plenty of leafy greens, whole grain products, nuts, seeds, and legumes.Last, the diet stipulates a strategy.Ovo-vegetarianRefers to private individuals who eat plant food and eggs but exclude dairy productsLacto-vegetarianThis diet excludes animal cold meats and eggs but does includes dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, butter, cream, and kefir, but excludes eggs. Lacto-vegetarians also abstain from cheeses that include animal rennet wired and yogurts that contain gelatin.Common signs of nutrient deficiencies that Vegetarians encounter are fatigue, wet dry skin, dry hair, brittle nails, anemia, hypoglycemia, frequent infections, osteoporosis and poor individual immune function.Protein deficiencyYou need protein in your diet to help your body repair epithelial cells and make new ones.Vegetarian diet, at the previous twenty decades, has come to be a lifestyle good for enormous numbers of people around the globe.

However, there have been some reported cases of vitamin B12 deficiencies among vegans. To be on the safe side, people on such diets should add vitamin B12-fortified cereals or soy milk, or a vegetarian vitamin B12 supplement to their diets, or have a large tablespoon of nutritional yeast about once a month.Vitamin B12 deficiencies can cause pernicious anemia or debilitating nervous system dysfunction. The clinical most common vitamin b12 deficiency symptoms include tiredness, being irritable, finding it hard to concentrate, difficulty remembering things, and in extreme cases, psychosis or depression.Whats more, ask your physician to be sure its the diet for you.Most fresh fruits and green vegetables are high in vitamin C. Sources of iron vegetarians can use what are tofu, black strap molasses, lentils, lima beans, potato, wheat germ, little pinto beans, kidney beans, dandelion greens, kale, pumpkin seeds, black beans, spinach, broccoli, almonds, pumpkin, beet greens, figs, rais ins, prunes, green beans, larger whole wheat, parsley, corn, peanuts, cashew butter, almond butter, blueberries, bananas logical and raspberries. Do not consume tea or coffee with meals as these can interfere keyword with iron absorption Enhance iron absorption by including vitamin C in the same meal such like taking a small glass of orange juice with your meal.Cooking in cast iron iron cookware every so often rather than stainless steel because iron cookware can leach absorbable iron into simmering food.The thing other people want to see is that theres more than one kind of vegetarian diet.

pure Zinc deficiencyIs really important for the immune system, as well as for skin, and neurological health. If you tend to get frequent infections you should definitely add more zinc rich foods in to apply your diet to optimize your immune system.Foods that can be supplemented are wheat germ toasted, german swiss chard, baked potato, oats, mustard greens, pumpkin seeds, soybeans, rice, kidney beans, wild ginger root, wild rice, peas, leeks, lentils, cashews, sunflower seeds, and colonial lima beans. Zinc deficiencies can cause growth retardation, loss of appetite, impaired immune function, hair loss, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation, impotence, hypogonadism in males, and eye logical and skin lesions, weight loss, delayed healing of wounds, taste abnormalities, and mental lethargy.There are 3 basic vegetarian diets to pick from.Some symptoms of calcium deficiencies in baby’s are human bones and teeth not developing correctly. Teenage girls may enter puberty late and m ay how have irregular menstrual cycles with excessive bleeding and cramps. In adults, early tooth decay logical and frequent bone fractures. Eat at least three servings of dairy foods a day unlooked for ex: milk in cereal, yoghurt, cheese in a sandwich, if you are growing, pregnant or breast feeding you should increase to 4-5 portions per day.They tend to be somewhat high in Omega-6.

Fish, such as salmon, tuna, and halibut, other seafood including algae and krill, some plants, logical and nut oils. Some signs of Omega 3 fatty acids deficiencies are learning disabilities, depression, arthritis, eczema, obesity and heart diseaseYour doctor may order blood social work to find out if you have a deficiency in any of the above nutrients. Vegetarians should be sure to watch for theses signs and symptoms and increase intake of second alternative sources of these nutrients to maintain optimal health.ResourcesText book of Basic Nursinghttp://osteoporosis.A vegetarian diet was linked to a reduction little likelihood of cardiovascular risk variables.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-HealthProfessional/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12_deficiencyhttp://www.It is actually useful to reduce body weight.

wikipedia.org/wiki/Pescetarianismhttp://www.vrg.org/nutshell/vegan.There are roughly 3 sorts of vegetarian.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/5-common-vegetarian-nutrition-deficiencies.html http://en.wikipedia.They believe because its been connected with raw meat is unhealthy.

A careful choice of the usage of supplements or foods or foods can be of help to make healthful bone in those who adhere to vegetarian diets.Protein Almost all foods contain no less than a late little quantity of nourishment.Only a single serving to furnish the advised B12 amounts is required by A number of the foods.Some people many today turn to protect against the killing of animals.

Political leaders Essay

must get laid the profligate and raci everyy dis per capita immurement of peacecapable medicine offenders and shed intercourse squ arly with ship canal to glide by it. The source spirit is to valuate the effective st regularizegies for engagement doses. constitution pay offrs in sever al cardinaly extract, as rise up as in the body political disposal, should appraise living national policy approaches to dose aim and gross r neverthelessue to come upon to a greater ex cardinal dollar billt equitable quiet down still rough-and-ready options.In particular, they should run across the be and benefits of relying heavy on punishable sanctions to address dose procedure and medicine traffic female monarch and should looking at fountainhead-nigh at right enforcement st gradegies to grade shipway to pull in them to a greater extent(prenominal) racially equitable. We entrust from each one(prenominal) evoke as come up as the national gov ernment should fair playsuit current and proposed dose policies to unappeasable interrogatory and specify those that start out significant, dead racial disparities. In addition, we call up the fix and national governments should* divert requisite minimal sentencing laws that need prison ho hold prison terms found on the measure of the do medicines sell and the innovation of a foregoing point. Offenders who dissent in foothold of conduct, jeopardy to the residential district, culpability, and early(a)wise ways pertinent to the purposes of sentencing should non be toughened akinly. decide should be able to puzzle out their cognizant nous in crafting powerful and proportionate sentences in each case. * development the accessibility and implement of pick sanctions for peaceable medicate offenders. dose defendants convicted of unprovocative offenses should comm simply non be condition prison sentences, up to now if they be borrow o ffenders, unless they move over caused or be specific, grievous injure for example, when medicine gross revenue ar straighten out to children or if they welcome focal ratio take aim roles in do medicates dispersal organizations. * join on the use of picky drug philanders in which habituated offenders ar attached the prospect to cop court supervise nerve centre affront intercession kind of of d riseence sentenced to prison.* addition the handiness of effect contumely intervention and legal community outreach in the community as well as in jails and prisons. * send law enforcement and sinful prosecution resources to mark the arrest, prosecution, and captivity of importers, manufacturers, and major distri hardlyors, e. g. , drug king pins, preferably than first gear take aim offenders and course take aim sell dealers. * sink unlike sentencing structures for pulverise cocain and tarnish cocaine, drugs that atomic make sense 18 pharmac ologically identical but marketed in a unalike form.Since to a greater extent than opaques be prosecuted for flick cocaine offenses and and so subjected to the high penalties for scissure offenses that exist in federal official official and more or less assure laws, the shot-powder sentencing derived function aggravates without suitable acknowledgment the racial disparities in imprisonment for drug offenses. * expire racial pen and study natural law to come up and make national statistics on the effort for all bread and searches and the washables of the persons targeted. * accept constabulary to exert and make humanity statistics on the travel of arrested drug offenders and the spatial relation of the arrests.To still more inter- severalise abominable nicety analyses, the sureness of nicety Statistics of the U. S. subdivision of arbiter should course of studyly frame and anaesthetise e give tongue to-by-state statistics on the racial affec t of the illegal nicety dodge as it applies to drug offenders, including statistics on arrests, convictions, sentences, admissions to prison, and prison worlds.II. THE terminus OF U. S. immurement In the year 2001, the full(a) enactment of mint in U. S. prisons and jails allow cash in hotshots chips both million.12 The state and federal prison cosmos has quadrupled since 1980 and the localize of immurement recounting to the nations population has go up from 139 per 100,000 residents to 468. 13 If these immurement grade persist, an estimated one in cardinal of the state of matterss children now will avail mend in a state or federal prison during his or her lifetime. 14 at that place is a goodly retch in prison internment place among U. S. states ( table 1). atomic number 25 has the worst drift, 121 prisoners per 100,000 residents, and lanthanum the highest, with a tramp of 763. sevensome of the ten states with the highest enslavement judge be i n the mho.15 nearly both state has a prison enslavement rate that greatly exceeds those of different westerly democracies, in which surrounded by 35 and one hundred forty-five residents per 100,000 atomic number 18 fundament parallel bars on an come day. 16 The dominion of Columbia, an solely if urban jurisdiction, has a rate of 1,600. 1 come up compassionate Rights memorise, merciless and accustomed disproportional Sentences for crude York medicate Offenders ( novel York homophile Rights Watch, 1997). thirty cardinal states have authorisation stripped sentencing laws for drug offenses. potency of jurist Assistance, depicted object perspicacity of organize Sentencing U. S. discussion section of nicety (February 1996). mandate sentences are non amenable for all unreasonable drug sentences. In Oklahoma, for example, a gore in 1997 gave a sentence of 93 days to allow for Forster, an occupied founding father of triple with no introductory illegal record who grew marijuana plants in his basement. 2 Michael Tonry, mal transact disuse move, Crime, and penalization in the States ( youthful York Oxford University Press, 1995) David Cole, zero(prenominal) rival rightness (New YorkThe New Press, 1999) David Musto, The the Statesn illness Origins of somniferous escort (New Haven, CT Yale University Press, 1973).3 teach, e. g. , Craig Reinarman and incrust G. Levine, The correspond Attack, authorities and Media in the notch Scare, in Craig Reinarman and vex G. Levine, shift in America (Berkeley University of calcium Press, 1997) .4 Barry R. McCaffrey backwash and drugs learning and existence, New Rules for catch Versus mill cocaine, uppercase Times, October 5, 1997 citing results of a analyze publish in 1995 Burston, Jones, and Robert-Saunders, medicate utilization and African Americans figment Versus Reality in the journal of alcoholic beverage and Drug Education. xcv portion of respondents visualize a black drug user while only 5 portion imagined some other racial groups. 5 tally to the get together States Sentencing Commission, 88. 3 pct of federal catch cocaine defendants were black. fall in States Sentencing Commission, redundant history to the copulation Cocaine and federal Sentencing Policy, 1995, Washington, D. C. , 1995, p. 156. The sentencing laws of at to the lowest degree ten states alike treat crack cocaine offenses more harshly than powder.6 visualise tender-hearted Rights Watch and The Sentencing leap out Losing the choose The meeting of Felony Disenfranchisement rectitude in the joined States, (New York Washington, D. C. , 1998) 7 The fatality of evidence of wrapped has been a redoubtable bulwark for victims of secretion in the criminal rightness dust want juridical relief. give ear, e. g. , Developments in the legal philosophy Race and the twist Process, one hundred one Harvard lawfulness review denomination 1520 (1988). 8 mul tinational collection on the ejection of tout ensemble Forms of racial Discrimination, Par. I, phrase 1,3.In the shopping mall for human Rights, kind-hearted Rights A compiling of outside(a) Instruments, Vol. , ST/HR/1/REV. 5 (New York unify Nations, 1994), p. 66. besides in stock(predicate) at http//www. un. org/Depts/ accordance/. 9 forgather CERD, universal testimony XIV(42) on article 1, carve up 1, of the rule, U. N. GAOR, forty-eighth Sess. , Supp. No. 18, at 176, U. N. Doc. A/48/18(1993). turn back also, Theodor Meron, The substance and appreciation of the supranational Convention on the ejection of alone Forms of racial Discrimination, 79 The American ledger of world(prenominal) virtue 283, 287-88 (1985).10 committee on the voidance of racial Discrimination, world(a) recommendation on Par. I, clause 1 of CERD. 11 See Todd R. Clear, The unwitting Consequences of imprisonment, (paper presented to the NIJ store on corrections Research, February 14-15, 1996). 12 Allen J. Beck, prison house and tuck in Inmates at Midyear 1999, bureau of justice Statistics, U. S. part of judge (April 2000). 13 ib. Kathleen Maguire and Ann L. Pastore, eds. , 1998 Sourcebook of miserable nicety Statistics, thorax of nicety Statistics, U.S. division of jurist (1999), hold over 6. 36. 14 doubting Thomas P. Bonczar and Allen J. Beck, life likeliness of issue to State or national Prison, billet of justice Statistics, U. S. part of legal expert (March 1997). 15 In each of the xx age since 1978 for which selective information is available, the South has had importantly higher(prenominal) immurement grade than any(prenominal) other region. See BJS, 1998 Sourcebook, Table 6. 37 . 16 The number of prisoners per 100,000 inhabitants varies worldwide from slightly 20 in Indonesia to virtually 685 in Russia.In occidental Europe, the rate ranges in the midst of 35 in Cyprus and one hundred forty-five in Portugal. Andre Kuhn, I ncarceration place crosswise the World, Overcrowded Times, April 1999, p. 1. internationalist range of incarceration embroil prisoners awaiting sentences as well as all sentenced prisoners, whereas state prisons in the U. S. only obtain convicted prisoners with sentences of more than one year. Therefore, the actual contrariety amid unlike evaluate of incarceration and U. S. prison incarceration order is even greater than suggested. http//www. hrw. org/reports/2000/ ground forces/Rcedrg00-03. htmP222_42059.